Studied by 16 people
Ethnocentrism
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.
Communication norms
ays of communicating that are culturally acceptable; this can include verbal and nonverbal communication.
high-context culture communication
communication emphasizes subtlety and nonverbals to get the point across instead of being completely direct.
low-context culture communication
typically relies more heavily on direct and clear communication
tacit culture
a culture in which the reason why behind actions or behaviors may not be known by outsiders of that specific group
some common characteristics of interpreters
assertive, self-aware, ability to relate and empathize with others
Reflective Practitioner
One who reflects on their work, seeks to improve and learns from mistakes
language brokers
provide written and sometimes spoken translations. Mediate communication.
ghostwriters
Read a written document and translate it into sign language for a Deaf person. In the past functioned as a community interpreter/translator.
gatekeeping
the vetting process used by the Deaf to decided who is allowed to interpret
Transliterating
Communicating a spoken language to a signed language verbatim.
How do CASE and PASE differ from ASL
CASE/PSE are signed languages that combine asl with manually coded English. ASL has its own specific sentence structure which does not mimic spoken English
interlocutors
Any person taking part in a conversation
metamessage
The meaning of a message that tells others how they should respond to the content. Conveyed in any way besides implicit verbal communication. Such as tone of voice, body language and gestures.
Sociolinguistics
describes the participants, setting, topic, and purpose of communication and explains why people communicate in different ways.
linguistic register
a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. Sometimes you may sign more serious, other times signs are more relaxed depending on context.
Complementary Schismogenesis
people from two different cultures interact and they display opposing behaviors. Often "opposing behavior" resulting in resisting to the other person's means of interaction.
Ingroup Speak
Is encountered when members of any community, group, or
organization use terms that have a unique or different meaning compared to those held by society in general.
Jargon
special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.
backchannelling
The way in which the listener lets the speaker know they are following the conversation. Used heavily in ASL.
bicultural
Involved with and have knowledge of two different cultures
third culture
When two different cultures come together and find a middle ground to create a "third culture"
deafcentric terms
terms that are different or unique because they relate to the culture or community of Deaf people
Provide examples of where each linguistic register would be used
Frozen: pledge of allegiance
Formal: Interpreting for a large crowd
Consultative: Doctor's office
Casual: Talking with friends
Intimate: Relatives, significant other
Cultural frames/ schema???
The way in which we understand or make sense of the world
subculture
a culture within a culture
stereotyping
Stereotyping is making a generalization, usually negative, about a group of people
Institutionalized Oppression
the systematic mistreatment of people within a social identity group, supported and enforced by the society and its institutions, solely based on the person's membership in the social identity group
Intersectionality
the integration of multiple defining identities into one person
individualistic culture
A culture in which people believe that their primary responsibility is to themselves.
collectivist cultures
cultures in which the self is regarded as embedded in relationships, and harmony with one's group is prized above individual goals and wishes
Oral traditions
the way in which history and culture are passed down orally from generation to generation. This communication could take on many forms such as folktales, arts or even songs.
Microaggressions
words or actions that either intentionally or unintentionally convey prejudice towards a minority group.
Dennotative vs. Connotative
Dennotative refers to the dictionary definition of a word, while connotative refers to the deeper meaning or largely held understanding of the word.
Schema
a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
William Stokoe
English teacher at Gallaudet - first to recognize ASL as a natural language - wrote "Dictionary of ASL" (1965)
Marginalization
Pushing minority groups to the outside of the economic and social mainstream
Disenfranchisement
depriving someone of a right or privilege
Audist
someone who believes that being hearing is superior to being deaf. They often view deafness as something to be fixed. This results in oppressive attitudes towards deaf people.
Uninitiated
people are those who have no prior experience with the dDeaf
Medical Model
The medical model is the term used by medical professionals to define deaf individuals
Ally
Allies, in relation to the deaf community, is someone who supports the dDeaf community and their journey of equality
Normalize
forced assimilation of dDeaf people into society. These people also strive to eliminate sign or visible communication so that spoken language can be used instead
Oral program
an educational program that focuses on communication through speaking and lipreading.
ethnocultural identity
In the context of the Deaf community, an ethnocultural identity is referencing the absence of culture and traditions that are not passed down from hearing parents to Deaf children
benefactor
people who give money or aid to those in need. Typically benefactors has a negative connotation, referring to those who perceive Deaf people as needing to be rescued or needing their help
Deafhood
a journey one takes to become confident in their identity as a Deaf person
Acculturation
when two different cultures interact and one or both culture groups change as a result.
Trilingual interpreters
ASL interpreters who facilitate communication between a Deaf person, an english speaker and a speaker of another language. The trilingual interpreters must be skilled in all three languages.
heritage speakers
those who are skilled in understanding their native language, but still may have a hard time communicating via spoken or written word
Provide an overview of interpreting with Indigenous dDeaf people
Knowing what and who to honor when entering events
Being aware that the presence of an interpreter will impact the situation in either a negative or positive way.
Knowing the appropriate attire for an occasion is important
Provide an overview of interpreting with African American/Black dDeaf people and colleagues
Knowing that the culture is more collectivistic rather than individualistic
Knowing that they can have strong religious beliefs and orientation
Knowing that the language and narrative is different
Provide an overview of interpreting with Hispanic/Latinx dDeaf people and colleagues
Knowing that if you are trilingual in english, spanish, and asl can help
Understanding that the language used will be different
Collectivistic rather than individualistic
Tandem interpreters
team that takes turns interpreting so that they can share the workload.
Tactile Interpreting
used for DeafBlind individuals. It involves signing while the blind person's hands are resting on your own so that they can know what you are signing by feeling the shape and motion of your hands.
Why are Deaf interpreters needed?
They can better communicate cultural norms than hearing interpreters
Deaf may feel more comfortable and connected to a Deaf interpreter
This provides Deaf people with jobs where they can excel and use their cultural and linguistic knowledge to help and provide accessibility to their community.
Platform Interpreting
Interpreting in front of a large audience, most often in a formal setting where the speaker does most of the talking.
Mirror interpreting
Mirror interpreting is used when interpreting for a large number of people and members in the audience use ASL. The interpreter mirrors what is being signed in the audience.
Consecutive interpreting
The most common form of interpreting used by DIs. Deaf interpreter sits next to the hearing participant and the co-interpreter sits or stands either right next to the dDeaf participant or slightly behind.
Simultaneous interpreting
process wherein the interpreter speaks at the same time as the source language speaker
tactile or close vision interpreting
A method of interpreting for those who may have vision issues or be fully blind. Often the way the dDeaf participant would like to receive the information is up to them. This can look like the interpreter sitting beside or in front of the participant. Or a team of interpreters.
RID was founded when?
1964
Note
Flashcard