New Nation States

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25 Terms

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Pre-Feudalism

A social and economic system that existed before the establishment of feudalism.

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Renaissance

A cultural movement that emphasized the revival of art, literature, and learning from classical antiquity.

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Luxury Goods

High-value items such as silk, gunpowder, and spices that were sought after during the Renaissance.

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New Monarchs

Powerful rulers like King Henry and Queen Isabella who centralized authority in their respective kingdoms.

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Compass

A navigational instrument that shows direction relative to the Earth's magnetic poles.

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Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century.

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Astrolabe

An ancient instrument used for solving problems related to time and the position of the stars, akin to an old GPS.

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Lateen Sails

Triangular sails that allowed ships to sail more efficiently against the wind.

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Tacking

A sailing maneuver that involves changing direction by turning the bow of the boat into the wind.

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Conquistadores

Spanish explorers and conquerors who played a significant role in the colonization of the Americas.

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Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

An agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided newly discovered lands between them.

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Hernán Cortés

A Spanish conquistador known for leading the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.

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3 G’s

The motives for exploration and conquest:Gold, God, and Glory.

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Mestizo People

Individuals of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in the Americas.

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Encomienda System

A labor system in colonial Spain that granted land and labor rights to Spanish settlers.

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Spain’s Downfall

Factors contributing to Spain's decline, including inflation and a low population post-1492.

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French Settlement (1530)

The establishment of French colonies in Canada, particularly along the St. Lawrence River and Mississippi River.

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Economic Fur Trade

The trade of animal pelts, particularly deer and beaver, which was vital to the French economy.

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Royal Neglect

A policy of hands-off governance by the British crown towards its colonies.

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Protestant Reformation

A religious movement initiated by figures like Martin Luther that challenged the Catholic Church.

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1534 Act of Supremacy

Legislation that established the monarch as the head of the Church of England, severing ties with the Catholic Church.

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Queen Elizabeth

The monarch who played a crucial role in the establishment of the Church of England and the rise of nationalism.

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Sea Dogs

English privateers and pirates, including Sir Francis Drake, who raided Spanish ships and settlements.

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Spanish Armada (1588)

A failed naval invasion by Spain against England, resulting in a significant English victory.

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Roanoke “Lost Colony”

An early English settlement in North Carolina that mysteriously disappeared, with the only clue being the word "Croatoan."