Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to sexual reproduction, meiosis, Mendelian genetics, and genetic variation.

What is the primary function of meiosis in organisms?

To produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.

How many chromosomes do human gametes contain?

23 chromosomes.

What is crossing over and why is it significant?

Crossing over is the exchange of chromosomal segments between homologous chromosomes, providing genetic variation.

What does Mendel's Law of Segregation state?

Two alleles for a trait separate during meiosis, and unite during fertilization.

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous alleles?

Homozygous has identical alleles; heterozygous has different alleles for a trait.

What is meant by genetic recombination?

The new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis.

What is polyploidy?

The occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism.

How does the law of independent assortment apply to gamete formation?

Genes on separate chromosomes sort independently during meiosis, resulting in genetic variation.

What is a Punnett square used for?

To predict the possible offspring from a cross between known genotypes.

What are the stages of meiosis?

Meiosis consists of two consecutive divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II.