primary plant tissues: vascular tissue system

Xylem and Phloem

TE, fibers (s), parenchyma

What three types of tissues are in xylem?

fibers

both xylem and phloem have sclernhyma and parenchyma, but xylem has only ___ not schlerids

parenchyma

Both albuminous and companion cells are modified _____ cells

water/minerals

The main function of xylem is transport of ____/_____

trachids, VE

Two parts of treachery elements are _____ and __

xylem

phloem or xylem have vessel elements?

phloem

phloem or xylem have sieve tube elements?

pit

a gap in the secondary wall is called what

pit pairs

are adjoining pits between two neighboring cells

pit membrane

the middle lamella and primary cell walls between two pits

tips, sides

the pits are at the ____ and the ____ of trachids

bordered

the pit pairs are called ____ if they have a torus and a margo

torus

the inflated membranes between pits of two cells

margo

the thinner membranes surrounding a torus where water flows through

conifers

bordered pit pairs are only found in _______

vessel elements

shorter and wider than trachids, perforation plates with pits

vessel elements

what tissue has perforation plates?

water

The VE are better than trachids because they can move more ___

cavitation

the process of forming an embolism (air pocket)

VE

These are more likely to form embolisms than trachids because they are wider

plugs

When an embolism may form in a trachid, the torus ___ the pit to the other cell. This only happens in CONIFERS

short

parenchyma in xylem is used to transport water over ___ distances

nucleus, vacuole

as the xylem develops, what two cells disintegrate?

protoxylem

what type of xylem develops first? looks like slinky

metaxylem

what type of xylem develops later? looks pitted and has SECONDARY WALLS

Phloem

___ transports many substances like sugars, amino acids, lipids, micronutrients, hormones, proteins, and RNA

secondary

the _____ phloem develops from the exact same cells as the primary phloem

sieve cells

Gymnosperms what what type of phloem?

sieve tube elements

Angiosperms have what type of phloem?

sieve areas

pores that connect adjacent sieve elements

xylem

What type of vascular tissue has pits?

albuminous cells

sieve cells are helped stay alive by what cells?

companion cells

sieve tube elements are helped stay alive by what cells?

storage

in xylem and phloem, parenchyma's role is to do what?

support

in xylem and phloem, fibers and schlerids role is to do what?

sieve plates

sieve tube elements are connected at their tips by what?

sieve areas

instead of having pits like xylem, phloem has ___ ____

sieve tubes

the connection of sieve tube elements into a long line

living

unlike xylem cells, phloem cells are ____ at maturity

phloem, parenchyma, collenchyma

the three types of tissues that have cells which are living at maturity

p-protein

distributed along the walls when sieve plate pores are open, It fills the pores of the sieve plate if the cell is ruptured