Lab 12: Renal and Digestive Systems

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from Lab 12 on the renal and digestive systems.

Tonsils

Structures that trap and eliminate pathogens that try to enter the body.

Salivary Glands

Glands that create saliva to moisten food for easier swallowing.

Kidneys

Organs that filter waste from the blood to make urine.

Ureter

Tube that takes urine from the kidneys and transports it to the bladder.

Bladder

The storage place where urine is held.

Urethra

The exit channel through which urine exits the body.

Afferent Arteriole

Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the glomerulus.

Efferent Arteriole

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration occurs.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Structure in the nephron that reabsorbs vital nutrients eliminated during filtration.

Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle)

Structure that creates concentrated urine and balances water and solute levels in the body.

Cortex

Solid tissue in the kidney that is higher in water concentration compared to solute.

Medulla

Loose tissue in the kidney that is higher in solute concentration compared to water.

Gallbladder

Organ that stores bile created by the liver and releases it when fat enters the body.

Pancreas

Organ that releases enzymes for digestion and regulates blood sugar with insulin and glucagon.

Esophagus

Muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach that aids in nutrient transport.

Rectum

Storage area that releases fecal matter at the end of the large intestine.

Glomerulus

Structure that filters blood, removing toxins, water, and small molecules.

Renal Pelvis

Structure that funnels urine from the kidney into the ureter.

Cecum

Part of the large intestine that absorbs fluids and salts and mixes contents with mucus.

Urinary Bladder

Muscular sac that stores urine before it is expelled from the body.

Ileocecal Valve

Valve that prevents the backflow of material from the colon into the small intestine.