yr 8 physics

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Physics

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56 Terms

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energy

the ability to do work

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work

force and distance

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formula to calculate work

work = force x distance

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kinetic energy

the energy an object has due to its motion

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potential energy

Energy that is stored and held

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formula to calculate power

power = work/time

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work unit of measurement

Joules (J)

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energy unit of measurement

Joules (J)

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formula to calculate force

mass x acceleration

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power unit of measurement

Watts (W)

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power

the rate at which work is done

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power formula

work (J) / time (S)

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time unit of measurement

seconds (s)

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distance unit of measurement

meters (m)

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force unit of measurement

Newtons (N)

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acceleration of gravity

10m/s2

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How many joules are in a kilojoule?

1000 joules

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how many kilojoules in a megajoule

1000 kilojoules

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how many joules in a megajoule

1,000,000 joules

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joule to kilojoule conversion

Joule ÷ 1000

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kilojoule to joule conversion

kilojoule × 1000

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megajoule to joule conversion

megajoule × 1,000,000

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joule to megajoule conversion

joule ÷ 1,000,000

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megajoule to kilojoule conversion

megajoule × 1000

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kilojoule to megajoule conversion

kilojoule ÷ 1000

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gravitational potential energy

energy of an object stored in its position above the surface of the earth

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chemical energy

a form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.

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nuclear energy

form of potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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elastic energy

the potential energy of an object that is stretched, compressed or bent

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mechanical energy

a form of kinetic energy possessed by an object due to its motion

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thermal energy

a form of kinetic energy due to the vibrations of atoms and molecules making up the substance

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sound energy

the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves

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light energy

movement of energy through electromagnetic field int he form of transverse wave

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nuclear fusion

when 2 nuclei are smashed together

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nuclear fission

when a nucleus is split into 2

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forms of potential energy

elastic, chemical, gravitational, nuclear

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forms of kinetic energy

sound, thermal (heat), light, electrical, mechanical

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electrical energy

movement of electrons in one direction (a current)

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nuclear energy

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom (binding energy)

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nuclear reaction

a reaction that involves a change in the nucleus of an atom (release of energy)

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how sound energy travels

sound energy is made by vibrations, which create sound waves

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how light energy travels

as a transversal wave in a straight line
can travel through a vacuum, solid, liquid or gas

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difference between heat and temperature

heat = specific form of energy that can leave or enter a system
temperature = average kinetic energy of particles

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direction thermal energy moves in

from the warmer object to the colder object

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conduction

the direct transfer of heat between objects in contact
heat transfers from the hotter object to the colder one
e.g. metal spoon in hot water

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convection

process where heat flows through liquids and gases
causes heat to rise
e.g. spreading soup in a saucepan

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radiation

heat spreads outwards from any hot object
e.g. heat of the sun outside

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transparent

clear, allowing light to pass through

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translucent

allowing light to pass through diffusely, not as clear

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opaque

not letting light through

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refraction

bending of light

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reflection

bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass

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photoelectric effect

light acting as a particle to knock electrons out

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light particle

photon

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properties of light

  1. travels much faster than sound
  2. speed of light = 300 000km/s (approx.)
  3. when it hits a surface, its either reflected, absorbed or transmitted
  4. travels in straight lines
  5. it can bend: refraction
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dispersion

white light splitting into the rainbow due to refraction
e.g. rainbow, diamond, glass prism