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energy
the ability to do work
work
force and distance
formula to calculate work
work = force x distance
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
potential energy
Energy that is stored and held
formula to calculate power
power = work/time
work unit of measurement
Joules (J)
energy unit of measurement
Joules (J)
formula to calculate force
mass x acceleration
power unit of measurement
Watts (W)
power
the rate at which work is done
power formula
work (J) / time (S)
time unit of measurement
seconds (s)
distance unit of measurement
meters (m)
force unit of measurement
Newtons (N)
acceleration of gravity
10m/s2
How many joules are in a kilojoule?
1000 joules
how many kilojoules in a megajoule
1000 kilojoules
how many joules in a megajoule
1,000,000 joules
joule to kilojoule conversion
Joule ÷ 1000
kilojoule to joule conversion
kilojoule × 1000
megajoule to joule conversion
megajoule × 1,000,000
joule to megajoule conversion
joule ÷ 1,000,000
megajoule to kilojoule conversion
megajoule × 1000
kilojoule to megajoule conversion
kilojoule ÷ 1000
gravitational potential energy
energy of an object stored in its position above the surface of the earth
chemical energy
a form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.
nuclear energy
form of potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
elastic energy
the potential energy of an object that is stretched, compressed or bent
mechanical energy
a form of kinetic energy possessed by an object due to its motion
thermal energy
a form of kinetic energy due to the vibrations of atoms and molecules making up the substance
sound energy
the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves
light energy
movement of energy through electromagnetic field int he form of transverse wave
nuclear fusion
when 2 nuclei are smashed together
nuclear fission
when a nucleus is split into 2
forms of potential energy
elastic, chemical, gravitational, nuclear
forms of kinetic energy
sound, thermal (heat), light, electrical, mechanical
electrical energy
movement of electrons in one direction (a current)
nuclear energy
energy stored in the nucleus of an atom (binding energy)
nuclear reaction
a reaction that involves a change in the nucleus of an atom (release of energy)
how sound energy travels
sound energy is made by vibrations, which create sound waves
how light energy travels
as a transversal wave in a straight line
can travel through a vacuum, solid, liquid or gas
difference between heat and temperature
heat = specific form of energy that can leave or enter a system
temperature = average kinetic energy of particles
direction thermal energy moves in
from the warmer object to the colder object
conduction
the direct transfer of heat between objects in contact
heat transfers from the hotter object to the colder one
e.g. metal spoon in hot water
convection
process where heat flows through liquids and gases
causes heat to rise
e.g. spreading soup in a saucepan
radiation
heat spreads outwards from any hot object
e.g. heat of the sun outside
transparent
clear, allowing light to pass through
translucent
allowing light to pass through diffusely, not as clear
opaque
not letting light through
refraction
bending of light
reflection
bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass
photoelectric effect
light acting as a particle to knock electrons out
light particle
photon
properties of light
dispersion
white light splitting into the rainbow due to refraction
e.g. rainbow, diamond, glass prism