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Officer Discretion

Authority granted to law enforcement officers to make decisions based on their judgment and the circumstances at hand, rather than strictly following rigid rules or protocols.

Racial Profiling

Targeting individuals for suspicion of criminal activity based on their race, ethnicity, or national origin, rather than evidence of wrongdoing.

Bias Policing

Law enforcement practices that exhibit prejudice or favoritism toward certain groups or individuals based on personal biases, rather than objective criteria.

Federal Law Enforcement Agencies

U.S. Marshals, Secret Service, FBI, DHS - Responsibilities and functions of key federal agencies.

Corruption and History of Policing

Unethical or illegal conduct within law enforcement agencies; the evolution of policing practices over time.

Sheriffs

Elected officials who oversee law enforcement in a county or similar jurisdiction, with specific responsibilities.

Police Officer Role

Duties and responsibilities of police officers in maintaining public safety and order.

SARA Model

Problem-solving framework in policing involving Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment stages.

Excessive Force

Use of more physical force than reasonably necessary, potentially leading to injury or death.

Political Era and Reform Era

Historical phases in policing characterized by political ties and corruption in the political era and professionalization efforts in the reform era.

Different Divisions of a Police Department

Specialized units within a police department, such as patrol, investigations, and traffic enforcement.

Education Policing Methods (POP, ILP, COP)

Problem-Oriented Policing, Intelligence-Led Policing, and Community-Oriented Policing strategies.

Zero Tolerance, Crime Mapping, Crime Analysis

Definitions and purposes of Zero Tolerance, Crime Mapping, and Crime Analysis in policing.

Organizational Styles (Service, Watchman, Legalistic, Realistic)

Different approaches to policing emphasizing community service, order maintenance, law enforcement, or pragmatic solutions.

Policing Culture and Subculture

Shared values, beliefs, and norms within police departments.

FTO, PIO, AFIS, CODIS, CPTED, ICS, CompStat

Definitions of key terms related to police operations and management.

CSI Effect

Unrealistic expectations regarding forensic evidence in criminal cases influenced by media portrayals.

Discrimination

Unfair treatment based on characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation.

Hiring Practices for Police Officers

Procedures like background checks and interviews to assess qualifications and suitability.

Merit/Personnel Boards

Panels evaluating law enforcement candidates based on merit and qualifications.

Stressors for Police

Factors impacting the mental and emotional well-being of officers.

Legal Terms (Plain View Doctrine, Reasonableness, etc.)

Legal standards guiding police actions and procedures.

Misfeasance, Nonfeasance, Malfeasance

Different types of actions or inactions by public officials with legal and ethical implications.

Kickback/Shakedown/Bribery

Illegal practices involving payments or favors for favorable treatment.

FISA, PATRIOT Act

Legislation related to national security and intelligence gathering.

Organized Crime, White Collar Crime, Transnational Crime

Various types of criminal activities, including organized crime, financial crimes, and international crime networks.