KT4: Life in Nazi Germany 1933-39

Women: How many women’s organisations were brought under the Women’s Front?

230

Women: Who was appointed as the National Women’s Leader of Germany? When?

• Gertrude Scholtz-Klink

• 1934

Women: Decline in birth rate

• 1900 - 2 million

• 1933 - 1 million

• 1939 - 1.4 million

Women: When was the Law for the Enforcement of Marriage?

• 1933

• Aimed to increase Germany’s falling birth-rate by giving loans to young married couples provided the wife left her job

Women: Family medals

• Bronze - 5

• Silver - 7

• Gold - 8 or more

Women: Lebensborn Programme

Specially chosen unmarried women could ‘donate a baby to the Fuhrer’ by becoming pregnant by ‘racially pure’ SS men

Women: When was the Marriage Health Law?

• 1935

• Stressed the racial purity of women when marrying

How did the Nazis change the divorce law in 1938?

Divorce was possible if a husband or wife could not have children

Women: University enrolment for women was limited to __% of total entry

10%

Women: Nazi organisations for women

• Young Girls League (aged 10-14)

• League of German Maidens (aged 14-18)

• Faith and Beauty Society (aged 18-21)

• Women’s Front (aged 21+)

• Reich Mother’s Service (aged 21+)

Women: What were the three K’s women were expected to follow?

• Kinder (children)

• Küche (kitchen)

• Kirche (church)

Women: From what year did Nazis start reversing some of their policies against women due to men preparing for WW2? How?

• 1937

• Marriage loans abolished + ‘duty year’ introduced for all women entering employment

Women: How did the number of working women increase between 1933 and 1939?

• 1933 - 11.6 million

• 1939 - 14.6 million

Women: When was the first concentration camp opened that included women?

1933 Moringen

Women: Success in Nazi Policies against women

Women received money for having children - sometimes more than their husbands earned

Women: Failure of Nazi policies against women

• Many women unhappy and wrote to newspapers in protest

• Older women discarded as they could no longer bear children

• Didn’t remove women from employment but rather pushed them to lower positions

Employment: How much did Hitler spend on job creation schemes?

• 1933 - 18.4 billion

• 1938 - 37.1 billion

Employment: How many men were employed in construction?

Over 125,000

Employment: How much money spent on producing tanks, aircrafts and ships?

• 1933 - 3.5 billion

• 1939 - 26 billion

Employment: Benefits of Nazi control

• Rearment and Reich Labour Service

• Strength through Joy (KdF)

• Beauty of Labour

• Volkswagen Scheme (in theory)

• Wages

• Food consumption

Employment: By 1938, how many people took KdF holidays?

10 million

Employment: Negatives of Nazi rule

• Lack of freedom

• Strength through Joy (KdF)

• Volkswagen Scheme

• Cost of living

• W

• Average working hours increased

Employment: How did average weekly wages increase?

• 1932 - 86 marks

• 1938 - 109 marks

Employment: How did average weekly working hours increase?

• 1933 - 42.9 hours

• 1939 - 47 hours

Young People: By _____, __% of teachers had joined the Nazi Teacher’s League?

1937, 97%

Young People: Boy’s Youth Groups

• Little Fellows

• German Young People

• Hitler Youth

Jewish Persecution: When were Jewish teachers forbidden to give private tuition to German students?

October 1936

Jewish Persecution: When were Jewish children expelled from German schools?

November 1938

Jewish Persecution: When was the boycott of Jewish shops?

1st April 1933 - only lasted one day

Jewish Persecution: When were the Nuremberg Laws passed?

15th September 1935

Jewish Persecution: When was Kristallnacht?

9th November 1938

Jewish Persecution: When did persecution of Jews ease briefly?

During the 1936 Olympic Games

Jewish Persecution: Consequences of Kristallnacht

• 100 Jewish people killed

• 20,000 Jews sent to concentration camps

• 815 Jewish businesses destroyed

• 191 synagogues destroyed

• Hitler decreed:

  • Jews fined 1 billion as compensation for damage caused

  • Jews no longer allowed to own or manage buildings

  • Jewish children no longer allowed to attend Aryan schools

Jewish Persecution: By 1939, how many Jews had left Germany?

250,000

Jewish Persecution: When was the Reich Office for Jewish Emigration set up?

January 1939

Jewish Persecution: When were Jewish people evicted from their homes and forced into designated Jewish accommodation or ghettos?

30th April 1939

Jewish Persecution: When were Jewish people forced to give up their radio sets so they couldn’t listen to foreign news?

September 1939

Minority persecution: When was the Sterilisation Law passed?

• July 1933

• Allowed Nazis to sterilise people with physical and learning disabilities

Minority persecution: How many Gypsies were living in Germany at the time?

30,000

Minority persecution: Persecution against Gypsies

• 1935 - Nazis banned all marriages between Gypsies and German

• 1938 - all Gypsies had to register with the authorities

• 1938 - began to be sent to concentration camps

Minority persecution: When did Nazis begin secretly euthanising people who went against the Nazi ideals?

• 1939

• Around 6,000 disabled babies, children and teenagers murdered by starvation or lethal injection