Bias
tendency to favor one thing in an unfair way
Prejudice can influence this
Prejudice
unfavorable forming of opinions based on stereotypes
Advertising bias
selecting stories that would do well
Concision Bias
stories that can be told shortly
Mainstream Bias
reports what everyone is reporting
Sensationalism
extraordinary events>ordinary
Racism
Belief that one race is better than the other
Sexism
Belief that one sex is better than the other
Homophobia
Irrational fear of gay people
Religious Prejudice
One religion is better than the other
Ageism
Gatekeeping against an age group different from yours
Classism
people from different social classes being treated differently
Eight parts of speech
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjectives
Prepositions
Adverb
Conjunctions
Injunctions
Verbal
looks like a verb, but functions as a noun
Gerund
Is a verbal, and it adds “ing” for it to form
Subject: “why” + “what”
Direct object:
“whom” or “what” after action verb
Is a type of Gerund
Indirect object:
“Whom” or “for what” after action verb is done
Type of Gerund
Predicate Nominative:
after linking verb + renames subject
Type of Gerund
Object of Preposition:
whom, what, when
Type of Gerund
Appositive:
Explains stuff before it
Type of Gerund
Infinitive
to + verb = infinitive
noun, adjectives, or adverbs
Nominal Infinitives
Noun
Type of Infinitive
Adjectival Infinitve
Adjective
Type of Infinitives
Adverbial Infinitves
Adverb
Infinitive
Participle
Adds “ing” to the verb, but this functions as an adjective
past participles end in -d or -en
Present = ing
To Persuade
to convince
To Inform
to educate
To Entertain
engages reader’s emotions
Fact
can be verified objectively
Opinion
element of belief
Claim
Statement
Evidence
supports claim
Validity
has the appearance of truth and reality
Exposition
This part of the story primarily introduces the setting, characters, style, etc. In the exposition, the writer’s sole focus is on building the world in which the story’s conflict happens.
Rising Action
explores the story’s conflict up until its climax. Often, things “get worse” in this part of the story
Climax
Here, the story’s conflict peaks and we learn the fate of the main characters
Falling Action
It's the phase where the tension starts to ease, and the story begins to wind down. During this phase, the consequences of the climax unfold, loose ends are tied up, and the characters start to deal with the aftermath of the main events.
Resolution
The resolution of the story involves tying up the loose ends of the climax and falling action.
Drama
piece of writing presented through dialogue
Primitive Drama:
used for rituals
Middle Ages:
Morality and Christian Values
Renaissance:
Creativity
Modern
Enhanced with current technology
Plot
What happens in the play
Theme:
meaning of the play
Characters:
the people portrayed in the play
Dialogue:
Conversation of characters written by playwright
Music and Rhythm:
Voices of the actors
Spectacle:
Everything the audience sees
PROSCENIUM STAGE:
stage where the audience sits on one side only. The audience faces one side of the stage directly , and normally sits at a lower height. There's usually an arch in front.
THRUST STAGE:
being surrounded by audience on three sides.
END STAGE:
the audience is located only on the front of the stage
TRAVERSE STAGE:
audience sits on two sides. Also, this type of stage is good for creating an intimate atmosphere.
ARENA STAGE:
central stage surrounded by the audience on all sides. The stage area is also often raised to improve sightlines.
Idioms
parts of speech that add color and power to your conversations
Simile:
Uses like and as
Metaphor:
like simile but does not use like and as, and it is usually used to emphasize a specific quality
Personification:
Humanization of things
Hyperbole:
exaggerated for humor, to emphasize a point or emotion
Onomatopoeia:
the wordification of certain sounds
Oxymoron:
a statement contradicting itself
Metonymy:
using a synonym instead of direct word
Synecdoche:
part instead of a whole