Gibson - 2nd half on-going term quiz

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33 Terms

1

Demilitarization

The action of removing military forces from an area is known as _________________________.

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2

Democratization

_________________________ is the process through which a political regime follows democratic principles or transitions into a more democratic government.

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3

Douglas MacArthur

____________________________ was a U.S. Five-Star General who served as a prominent leader in the Pacific during World War II and oversaw the Allied Occupation of Japan in the post-World War II period.

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4

Article 9

A section of the Japanese Constitution known as ____________________ reads "the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right."

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5

1947 Constitution

The ________________________________ was the first democratic plan of government for Japan; it was largely influenced by the U.S. political structure.

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6

Diet

In Japan, the _________ is a bicameral legislature consisting of a House of Representatives and House of Concillors.

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7

Emperor Hirohito

During the U.S. Occupation of Japan from 1945-1949, _________________________________ was an important ally in creating democracy in Japan; his political power was restructured to include only ceremonial powers.

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8

Japanese Economic Miracle

  • Japan became the 2nd largest economy after the US by the 1960s

  • Factors that led to Japan’s economic success:

    • Hard-working Japanese people

    • Educated population

    • Korean War

    • Rise of new industries supported by capitalism 

      • EX:

        • Hona, Sony, etc.

    • Guided capitalism

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9

Korean Occupation

  • Gwangmu Reform (1897-1907)

    • Emperor Go-Jong (last emperor of Korea)

      • Realized Korea was behind

        • Westernized how Koreans dressed

        • Modernized education and daily life

        • Ended with the Ruso-Japanese war 

  • Korea was annexed by Japan by the Korea-Japan Treaty (1910)

    • Occupation lasted from 1910-1945

      • Korean history, language and culture was nearly wiped out

      • Ended when armed forces of US & USSR took control on August 15th, 1945

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10

Kim Jong-Un

  • Assumed role of supreme leader in North Korea in 2011

    • Known as “The Marshal” or “Dear Respected”

  • Powerful dictator who controls all media & violates human rights

  • Kim Yo-Jong (2nd most powerful leader in North Korea)

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11

Park Chung-hee

  • Assumed power in 1961 after a successful coup d’etat

  • Former military leader in the South Korean army

  • Set Korea on course to follow “guided capitalism” similar to Japan

    • Assassinated on October 26, 1979

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12

Domino Theory

  • If one nation falls under communism, others will follow

    • Fear that this can even reach to North America (US)

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13

Ho Chi Minh

Communist who led North Vietnam during the Geneva Accords - “Bringer of Light”

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14

Ngo Dinh Diem

Democratic leader of South Vietnam during the Geneva Accords

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15

Mohandas Gandhi

  • Indian activist who fought for India’s independence from GB

  • Nonviolent Civil Disobedience

  • Independence

  • Gandhi was assassinated in 1948

  • His birthday October 2nd is a national holiday (in India) Known as the International Day of Nonviolence

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16

India National Congress

  • Challenges of nation-building

  • Formed in 1886

  • Mission after WWII was a free & democratic India

  • After India’s independence in 1947 became the major ruling political party

  • Religious differences between Hindus & Muslims create major religious cleavage

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17

Sikhs

  • Religious minority in India

  • Wanted their own country in 1947

  • Live in the northern province of Punjab

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18

Muslim League

  • Founded in 1906

  • Wanted to protect Indian Muslims

  • Political group that wanted a separate Muslim nation during the Partition of British India in 1947

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19

Kashmir

  • One of the most dangerous places in the world today

  • A disputed province, straddling India and Pakistan’s northern border

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20

Leonid Brezhnev

__________________________ was a military leader in the Soviet Union who defended communism in Eastern Europe; he became president of the Soviet Union in 1977.

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21

Alexander Dubcek

Communist Party Secretary of Czechoslovakia; loosens strict rules; permits criticism of government; assures loyalty to USSR; gets kicked out

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22

Prague Spring

  • Czechs celebrate new “communism with a human face”

  • The Soviet Union responds to these reforms with 600,000 Warsaw Pact troops

  • To avoid bloodshed, the Czech government ordered armed forces not to resist the invasion

  • Dubcek was taken to Moscow to meet with Brezhnev for a “free comradely discussion”

    • As a result, Czechoslovakia abandoned its reforms

    • Significance: 

      • Czechoslovakia served as a warning to any other Eastern European countries 

        • “If you try to break away from the Soviet influence, you better be willing to fight or give up.”

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23

Detente

  • French word meaning the “easing of tensions”

  • Period of improved relations between the Soviet Union & US

    • Began in 1971

  • Majorly impacted by President Nixon’s trip to Moscow in 1972

    • Nixon traveled to Moscow to show earnestness to the Soviet Union

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24

Ostpolitik

  • Normalization of relations between the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) & Eastern Germany

  • Also describes resuming relations of East & West Germany

  • Took almost two decades to push East Germany to the point of collapse

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25

SALT

  • Agreement between Brezhnev & Nixon in May of 1972

  • Considered to be the most progressive attempts to control nuclear weapons at the time

  • Contained 2 Major Provisions: 

    • Limited the number of Anti-Ballistic misssiles

    • Froze the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (IBM’s) & submarine launched ballistic missiles

      • Didn’t get rid of missiles, just stopped the production of new ones.

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26

Ronald Reagan

  • US President elected in 1980

  • Believed that the end of the Cold War was in sight

    • Pursued a policy of “Peace Through Strength”

      • Rejected policies of containment & DĂ©tente

  • Called the Soviet Union “an evil empire”

  • Advocated for a space-based missile shield that would intercept an attack by the Soviet Union (nicknamed “Star Wars”)

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27

Helsinki Accords

  • Major diplomatic agreement reached at the end of the Conference on Security & Co-operation in Europe

  • Purpose: 

    • To try to restore relations between the USSR and Western nations

    • To reduce tensions between the US and the USSR

    • Led to the end of the Cold War

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28

Lech Walesa

  • Labor activist

  • Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1983

  • Became President of Poland

  • Created (and led) communist Poland’s first independent trade union (Solidarity) in August 1980

  • Validated the work of the Solidarity Movement over the last decade

  • Went from:

    • A union worker ---> labor president ---> the first democratically elected President of Poland

  • Was greatly supported by Pope John Paul II and other world leaders

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29

Solidarity

a Polish labor union, led by Lech Walesa, that emerged in the early 1980s as a major anti-communist movement within the Soviet-controlled Eastern Bloc, gaining significant support from the Polish populace and Pope John Paul II; essentially representing a united resistance against the communist regime

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30

Willy Brandt

  • 1964-1987: Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany

  • 1969-1974: Served as Chancellor the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) 

  • Followed policy of “rapprochement” with East Germany

  • Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1971

  • Lived to see Germany reunited in 1990

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31

Fall of Berlin Wall

  • Summer 1990:

    • All former communist nations in the Eastern bloc were replaced by democratic governments

      • Opposite of the Domino Effect (yay!)

        Idk how else to describe this im ngl

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32

Helmut Kohl

  • West German Chancellor (1982-1998)

  • Assured world leaders that Germany had learned from its past

  • Other political leaders gradually came to accept Germany’s unification

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33

Mikhail Gorbachev

  • General Secretary of the Communist Party in the USSR from (1985-1991)

  • Served as USSR President from 1990-1991

  • He encouraged democratic reforms in East Germany

  • His efforts to democratize & decentralize the economy led to the collapse of communist Soviet Union

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