chemistry midterm 1

group 1

alkaline metals

soft

silvery

highly reactive with water

cations with a +1 charge

group 2

alkaline earth metals

soft and silvery white

reactive with water, but less than group 1

cations with a +2 charge

group 3-12

transition metals

hard, shiny metals

good thermal and electrical conductivity

high melting point

cations with various charges

catalysts and can form bright color compounds with C, N, O

group 15

phictogens

group 16

chalcogens

group 17

halogens

pure elements are diatomic gases/molecules

as you move down the group, the diatomic molecules go from gases (F2 Cl2) to liquids (Br2) and the solids (I2)

react with metals to form salts

form acids when bonded to hydrogen

group 18

noble gases

monotomic gases

do not bind

what kind of compounds do polyatomic compounds make?

ionic

nomenclature-ionic compounds

(cation)(anion)-ide

nomenclature-covalent compounds

prefix(first atom)prefix (second atom)

list the prefixes in order from 1-10

mono

di

tri

tetra

penta

hecta

hexa

octa

nona

deca

law of definite proportions

samples of a pure compound will have the same the same elements in the same proportion by mass

law of multiple proportions

when elements react, a fixed mass of one reacts with a fixed mass of the other in small, whole number ratios