Quiz Plant Diversity

The plant requires ___ underground, ___ above ground, ___ (and sometimes wood) to hold those above ground and a ____ for the various parts to share resources

roots, leaves, stems, circulatory system

For animals and plants, living on ____ is difficult

land

Two Problems for evolution on land

-Desiccation (drying out) -getting gametes from two different individuals to get together

4 things that came into evolution in order

Mosses, Ferns, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms (MFGA)

The diagram used is called a _______

Cladogram

A waxy waterproof coating used to prevent desiccation is called a

Cuticle

The retention of eggs is called ______ so that fertilization, the developing embryo could be protected by the parent plant

Internal Fertilization

What is this?

- No vascular tissue and no true leaves, roots or stems

- Limited in Height

- Fertilization requires water

Moss

Major adaptation to evolve was (to get larger)

Vascular Tissue (enables increased height)

What is this?

- Have Vascular Tissue, but no seeds

- Produce swimming Sperm

Fern

Major innovations in plant Evolution:

Pollen and Seeds

What is this?

- Pollen was the solution to the requirement of liquid water for swimming sperm

- Seeds provide a system in which the developing embryo is given its own supply of food and is protected from drying and other hazards

- Highly developed vascular tissue

Pollen and Seeds

Two types of plant vascular tissue are

Xylem and Phloem

Tubes which Transport water up

Xylem

Tubes which transport products of photosynthesis from leaves to nonphotosynthetic parts of the plant like stems and roots

Phloem

Plants with seeds but not flowers are called

Gymnosperms

What are these?

- Includes the conifers (cone-bearing plants such as pines, as well as a few nonconiferous members)

- This word means "naked seed" (seeds not in fruit)

- Well developed vascular tissue and wind-borne pollen

Gymnosperms

The most recent major adaptation was the

flower

What are these?

- means "hidden seed" (seeds are encased in a fruit)

Angiosperms (plants with both seeds and flowers)

What are plant cell walls made of?

cellulose

A complex polymer which acts as a sort of glue

Lignin

Tree rings alternate bands of thick and thin ____

Xylem Cells

These types of pores lead to the outside of the plant

Stomata

Flowering plants belong to this division, which means "hidden seed" (the seed in encased in a fruit)

Angiosperms

Male productive part and its counterparts:

Stamen:

Anther(produces pollen);

Filament (supports anther)

Female reproductive part and its counterparts:

Carpel:

Stigma(where pollen is received)

Ovary (the fruit)

Ovule (the seed)

This includes the grains which are humans primary food source

- usually parallel

- flowering parts in groups of 3

- Herbaceous (lack wood)

monocots

This includes all other familiar flowering plants and represents the majority of plant species on earth

- usually branched

- groups of 4's and 5's

Dicots

This increases genetic variation in the population and is the major advantage of sexual reproduction in all sexually reproducing organisms

Cross pollination

These promote seed dispersal usually by attracting animals

Fresh fruits