Emotions, Health and Stress Chapter 12

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34 Terms

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emotions
a response of the whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviours, and conscious experience resulting from ones interpretations
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james-lange theory
our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus - body before thoughts
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cannon-bard theory
an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion - body with thoughts
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two-factor theory
the schachter singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal- body plus thoughts
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**Zajonc and LeDoux** 
emotional responses occur before we consciously interpret/appraise event - body/brain without conscious thought
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**Lazarus**
Emotion responses require some form of cognitive appraisal, even if the interpretation doesn’t reach our conscious awareness - cognitive appraisal (sometimes without awareness) defines emotion
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polygraphs
measure emotion linked changes in breathing, heart rate, and perspiration
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facial feedback effect
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness
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behaviour feedback effect
the tendency of behaviour to influence our own and other thoughts, feelings, and actions
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catharsis
the idea that releasing aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
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feel good do good phenomenon
people tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
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positive psychology
the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive
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subjective wellbeing
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life, used along with measures of objective wellbeing to evaluate people’s quality of life
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adaptation level phenomenon
our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
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relative deprivation
the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves
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stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
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approach and avoidance motives
the drive to move forward (approach) or away from (avoid) a stimulus
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general adaptation syndrome
selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in the three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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tend and befriend response
under stress, people (usually women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support (befriend)
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health psychology
a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioural medicine
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psychoneuroimmunology
the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine process together affect our immune system resulting in health
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coronary heart disease
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries
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type A
friedman and rosenman’s term for competitive, hard driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger prone people
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type B
friedman and rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people
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cope
alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive or behavioural methods
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problem focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
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emotion focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction
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personal control
our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
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learned helplessness
the hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
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external locus of control
the perception that outside forces beyond or personal control determine our fate
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internal locus of control
the perception that we control our own fate
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self control
the ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for greater long term rewards
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aerobic exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety
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mindfulness meditation
a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgemental and accepting manner