Studied by 6 peopleMonosomy
________ is a condition in which a person is missing a copy of a chromosome.
Trisomy
________ is a condition in which a person has an extra copy of a chromosome.
Cytokinesis
________ occurs, dividing the cell into two haploid cells.
Females
________ have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome.
Nondisjunction
________ during oogenesis or spermatogenesis can result in gametes with an abnormal number of X or Y chromosomes.
Meiosis
________ produces haploid daughter cells that become the gametes.
Synapsis
________: During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads.
Independent assortment
________ is a process that occurs during metaphase I of meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes randomly align at the metaphase plate.
Anaphase
________: The centromeres of the chromosomes split, and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
Prophase
________: The chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Humans
________ have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.
Diversity
Crossing over increases the ________ of the gametes and, therefore, of the offspring.
Fertilization
________: The fusion of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote.
Metaphase I
________: tetrads attach to the spindle and align at the spindle equator; each homolog faces the opposite spindle pole, and all possible combinations of chromosomes occur in gametes.
Telophase
________ and cytokinesis: daughter nuclei are haploid, each containing one chromosome from each homologous pair; chromosomes are dyads with two sister chromatids.
Metaphase
________: The chromosomes line up along the ________ plate.
Homologous Chromosomes
Crossing over: During synapsis, ________ can exchange genetic material.
Mitosis
________: A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
SRY Gene
The ________ located on the short arm of the Y chromosome produces a hormone called the testis- determining factor, which plays a critical role in the development of male genitals.
Spindle Equator
During metaphase of mitosis, dyads align separately at the ________.
Turner Syndrome
A person with ________ (45, XO) is a female with underdeveloped ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.
Alleles
________ are alternate versions of a gene for a particular trait.
Meiosis II
If nondisjunction occurs during ________, the daughter cells will have one more or one less chromosome pair than normal.
Nondisjunction
________ is a chromosomal abnormality that occurs during meiosis, the process by which gametes (sex cells) are produced.
Meiosis
________ is important because it ensures that the number of chromosomes is maintained from one generation to the next.
Independent Assortment
The gametes produced by meiosis are genetically different from each other because of crossing- over and ________.
Prophase
________ I: nuclear envelope fragments, the nucleolus disappears, spindle appears, chromosomes condense, homologs undergo synapsis to produce tetrads, and crossing- over occurs between non- sister chromatids.
homologous Chromosomes
Crossing- over is a process that occurs during prophase I of meiosis, in which ________ exchange genetic material.
Telophase
________: The chromosomes uncoil, and the nuclear envelope reforms.
Meiosis
________ is a two- step process that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Meiosis
A type of cell division that produces haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Diploid
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes.
Haploid
A cell that contains one set of chromosomes.
Chromosomes
Thread-like structures in the nucleus of a cell that contain DNA.
Autosomes
The 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.
Mitosis
A type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.
Fertilization
The fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote.
Meiosis I
The first stage of meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes are separated.
Meiosis II
The second stage of meiosis, in which the sister chromatids are separated.
Crossing-over
A process that occurs during meiosis I, in which genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes.
Prophase
The first stage of mitosis or meiosis, in which the chromosomes become visible.
Metaphase
The second stage of mitosis or meiosis, in which the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase
The third stage of mitosis or meiosis, in which the chromosomes are separated and move to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase
The fourth and final stage of mitosis or meiosis, in which the nucleus reforms and the cell divides.
Nondisjunction
A failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, resulting in abnormal numbers of chromosomes in the daughter cells.
Down Syndrome
A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
X-Inactivation
A process in which one of the two X chromosomes in female cells is inactivated, resulting in a single active X chromosome in each cell.
Note
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