Men sent out by Charlemagne to check up on the counts
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fief
land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
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Edict of Milan
a proclamation that permanently established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire in 313 CE.
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Einhard
Charlemagne's biographer
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Humors Theory
Theory that the body is made up of four fluids.
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bloodletting
belief or practice of draining a quantity of blood to cure illness or disease
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Romance languages
Any of the languages derived from Latin including Italian, Spanish, French, and Romanian.
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476 CE
Official end of Western Roman Empire
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800 CE
Charlemagne Crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope
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Emperor Constantine
Founded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor.
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Pope Leo III
Crowned Charlemagne Emperor on Christmas Day, 800
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Pope Gregory I
Sent missionaries amoing other tactics to convert the pagan Germanic tribes
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Apostles/Disciples
The 12 men Jesus had chosen to help him in his teachings
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The Franks
a Germanic tribe that conquered present-day France and neighboring lands in the 400s
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Tacitus
A Roman historian who wrote a somewhat positive account of the Germanic tribes.
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Treaty of Verdun
an agreement in 843 that ended power struggle of Charlemagne's 3 grandsons after his death and split the Franks into 3 kingdoms
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tithe
Church tax collected from Christians in early times that represented one tenth of their income
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Aachen
The capital of Charlemagne's empire
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vassal
a holder of land by feudal agreement on conditions of loyalty and military service.
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squire
a young nobleman acting as an attendant to a knight before becoming a knight himself
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Carolingian Renaissance
Charlemagne's efforts led to a modest revival of learning and culture
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Lindisfarne
The first recorded Viking attack/raid in Western Europe in 793 CE.
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longships
The Viking vessels that made their raiding so effective.
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page
The first stage in a knight's training.
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feudalism
A political system in which nobles/lords are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
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Serf
A peasant who is bound to the land of the manor
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Monasteries
Christian religious communities centered around pray and work.
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Benedict
created the "Rule" which guided life for the monks in the monasteries.
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Pax Romana
A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.
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Book of Kells
an example of an illuminated manuscript
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primogeniture
the policy or rule where the first born son inherits the title.
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bishops
responisible for an area of land, the churches in that area, and act on behalf of the pope.
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sacraments
important religious ceremonies such as baptism, marriage, confession, etc...
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Chivarly
the code of behavoir which was somewhat, but not really enforced on knights.
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ransom
one of the military obligations that vassals and nobles may have to pay.
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