vocab column 1 🤮

abridge

(verb)

to shorten a sentence/writing without losing the meaning/sense.

to shorten in duration or extent

to reduce in scope

synonyms - shorten, cut, lessen

abstemious

(adjective)

marked by restraint, especially in the eating of food and the drinking of alcohol.

synonyms - moderate, self-disciplined

abstract

(adjective)

dissociated from any specific instance

existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete form

(noun)

a summary of the contents of points

an abstract thing/work of art

(verb)

consider something theoretically

to make a summary

to draw attention away

abstruse

(adjective)

difficult to understand/comprehend

synonyms - obscure, arcane

accessible

(adjective)

capable of being reached

capable of being used or seen

capable of being understood or appreciated

easily used by people with disabilities

synonyms - reachable, understandable

acclaim

(verb)

applaud, to praise publicly

synonyms - cheer, commend

acknowledge

(verb)

to take notice of

to recognize as valid or genuine

accept or admit the truth of

synonyms - allow, concede

adulation

(noun)

extreme or excessive admiration and flattery

synonyms - worship

adversary

(noun)

one’s opponent in a contest, dispute, or fight. An enemy, opponent

(adjective)

relating to an enemy or antagonistic parties

adversity

(noun)

difficulties; misfortunes

advocate

(noun)

one who defends

one who supports or promotes the interests of a group or cause

(verb)

to support or argue for

aesthetic

(adjective)

concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty

(noun)

a set of principles underlying and guiding the work or of a particular artist or artistic movement

affable

(adjective)

friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to

synonyms - amiable, cordial, warm

affirmation

(noun)

emotional support or encouragement

the act of affirming something

synonyms - assertion

alleviate

(verb)

make less severe

to make something more bearable

synonyms - reduce, ease

aloof

(adjective)

removed or distant either physically or emotional

(adverb)

at a distance

altruistic

(adjective)

having or showing an unselfish concern for the welfare of others

synonyms - selfless

ambiguous

(adjective)

open to more than one interpretation

doubtful or uncertain

ambivalence

(noun)

the state of having contradictory ideas about something or someone.

uncertain about which to follow

synonyms - unsureness, uncertainty

analogous

(adjective)

similar or comparable to something else in general or in a specific detail

synonyms - related, corresponding

anarchist

(noun)

a person who rebels against any authority or ruling power

a person who supports anarchy

synonyms - agitator, insurgent

anecdote

(noun)

a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person

synonyms - tale, story

animosity

(noun)

strong hostility

synonyms - friction, antipathy

antagonism

(noun)

active hostility or opposition

synonyms - animosity, hostility

antidote

(noun)

a remedy to counteract the effects of a poison

something that relieves, prevents, or counteracts

synonyms - cure, rectifier

antiquated

(adjective)

old fashioned; discredited by reason of age

synonyms - outdated, archaic

apathy

(noun)

lack of feeling or emotion

lack of interest or concern

synonyms - indifference, impassivity

appease

(verb)

to cause to subside, to bring to a state of calm

pacify someone by acceding to their demands

synonyms - gentle, placate, fulfill

apprehension

(noun)

a suspicion or fear especially of future evil

understanding; grasp

synonyms - alarm, worry, comprehension

arbitrary

(adjective)

based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or system

unrestrained in the use of authority

synonyms - random, tyrannical

archaic

(adjective)

very old, surviving from an earlier period

no longer in everyday use but sometimes used to impart an old fashioned flavor

synonyms - antiquated, dated, obsolete

arrogance

(noun)

an attitude of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or in presumptuous claims

synonyms - haughtiness, conceit

articulate

(adjective)

having or showing the ability to speak fluently or coherently

(verb)

express an idea fluently or coherently

to form a joint

synonyms - eloquent, express

artifact

(noun)

an object made by human hands; typically an item of historical or cultural interest

a product of artificial character

artisan

(noun)

a worker who practices a trade or handicraft

made in a traditional or non-mechanized way using high-quality ingredients

synonyms - crafter

ascendancy

(noun)

governing or controlling influence

synonyms - domination, supremacy

ascetic

(adjective)

practicing severe self-discipline and abstinence from all forms of indulgence typically due to religious reasons

synonyms - self denying

aspire

(verb)

to seek to attain or accomplish a particular goal

synonyms - aim for desire to

astute

(adjective)

having or showing shrewdness and an ability to notice and understand things clearly; mentally sharp or clever.

synonyms - crafty, smart, sharp

attribute

(noun)

a quality or characteristic ascribed to someone or something; an object closely associated with or belonging to a specific person, thing, or office.

(verb)

to explain by indicating a cause; to regard as a characteristic of a person or thing.

augment

(verb)

to make greater, more numerous, larger or more; supplement

(noun)

a vowel prefixed or a lengthening of the initial vowel to mark past time especially in Greek and Sanskrit verbs.

austere

(adjective)

stern and cold in appearance or manner; markedly simple or unadorned; giving little or no scope for pleasure.

synonyms - somber, grave, ascetic.

authoritarian

(adjective)

of, relating to, or favoring blind submission to authority, favoring a power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible for people.

autonomous

(adjective)

having the right or power of self-government; existing or capable of existing independently.

aversion

(noun)

a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from it; an object of dislike

synonyms - obsolete, antipathy

belie

(verb)

to give a false impression of; to show to be false or wrong

synonyms - disguise, contradict

benevolent

(adjective)

marked by doing good; suggestive of goodwill

synonyms - goodhearted, king, compassionate

bolster

(noun)

a long pillow or cushion; a part designed to eliminate friction or provide support

(verb)

to support with; to give a boost to

braggart

(noun)

a loud arrogant boaster; a person who boasts about achievements or possessions.

brevity

(noun)

shortness of duration

synonyms - concision, shortness

cajole

(verb)

to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in the face of reluctance; to deceive with soothing words or false promises

synonyms - coax, sweet-talk, palaver

calculated

(adjective)

apt, likely; planned or contrived to accomplish a purpose

synonyms - knowing, measured, deliberate

candor

(noun)

honest expression; freedom from prejudice; brightness

synonyms - forthrightness, fairness, honesty

capricious

(adjective)

given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behaviour.

synonyms - fickle, inconstant

censorious

(adjective)

severely critical of others

synonyms - hypocritical, disapproving

censure

(noun)

the expression of formal disapproval

(adjective)

express severe disapproval of someone or something especially in a formal statement

synonyms - condemn, attack

coercion

(noun)

the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats

synonyms - force, compulsion

commemorate

(verb)

recall and show respect for someone or something

synonyms - celebrate, pay tribute to