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Home
Business
Finance
Chapter 19: Computer Basics
Computer Hardware
\
The Importance of Computers
People depend on computers to handle all kinds of tasks.
When a person pays a bill online, buys gasoline, or withdraws money from a bank, computers handle the transactions.
Laptops
and
tablet PCs
allow people to work outside the office.
Handheld devices
track appointments, telephone numbers, and other data.
Most businesses consider computers to be essential.
A
computer
is an electronic device that accepts, processes, stores, and outputs data at high speeds, based on programmed instructions.
A
personal computer
, or
PC
, is a small computer that is intended to be used by one person.
A
desktop computer
is a personal computer that is small enough to fit in an individual workspace.
In most companies, computers are linked through either a central mainframe computer or a network.
A
mainframe
is a fast, powerful computer with a large storage capacity.
A well-organized computer workstation is important for both business and home use.
Ergonomics
are design factors for the workplace that are intended to maximize productivity by minimizing a worker’s discomfort.
E-learning
, or electronic learning, is the process of learning online.
With e-learning, workers can be trained in an efficient and cost- effective way.
\
Parts of a Computer System
A computer system includes three main parts: hardware, software, and data.
The physical components of a computer system are the
hardware
.
Computer systems include at least four hardware elements: a microprocessor; memory; input and output devices; and data storage devices.
A
microprocessor
is a small computer chip. It is the brain of a computer.
It is also called the
central processing unit (CPU)
, or
microchip
.
Memory
is hardware that stores information for instant retrieval and processing.
It can be thought of as a kind of scratch pad.
The computer uses its
random access memory (RAM)
to hold all the data and instructions required during operations.
An
input device
is hardware that is used for entering data into a machine, such as a computer.
Input devices include keyboards, computer mice, touchpads, joysticks, and scanners.
An
output device
is hardware that is used for producing results from a machine.
Output devices include computer monitors, printers, fax machines, and speakers.
There are a variety of devices for storing large amounts of data.
Data storage devices
—which include hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives—save information for later use.
\
\
Computer Software
\
Software Programs
Software
is a computer program that contains a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.
Software is also referred to as a program or an application.
An
operating system
is software that controls the operation of a computer and directs the processing of programs.
A
suite
is a collection of integrated application programs or software applications that works as a single program
Word processing
is the writing, editing, and production of documents, such as letters and reports, through the use of a computer program.
Word-processing software, such as Microsoft Word, is used to create, edit, and print documents.
A
spreadsheet
program is a computerized worksheet for entering and charting data.
Sales figures, quantities, prices, and production costs can be listed and compared with a spreadsheet.
A
database management
program is used to store data organized especially for rapid search and retrieval.
A
presentation program
includes software for creating slide shows for presentations
Desktop publishing
software is used to produce publications such as reports, newsletters, and magazines.
Accounting software
helps people keep accurate records and prepare reports.
Communications software
allows access to databases, accounts, schedules, and other shared files.
Speech recognition software
allows a user to enter text and give commands to the computer by speaking into a microphone.
Groupware
is project management software.
It provides tools for groups of users on a computer network to plan, develop, and complete a project
There are three categories of groupware: communication tools, conferencing tools, and collaborative management (or coordination) tools.
Communication tools
send messages, files, data, or documents between people.
Conferencing tools
also facilitate the sharing of information, but in a more interactive way.
Collaborative management
tools facilitate and manage group activities.
\
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Explore Top Notes
Chapter 4 - Macromolecules
Note
Studied by 44 people
5.0
(1)
How does a historian work?(RE)
Note
Studied by 2 people
5.0
(1)
AP Human Geography Unit 3 Exam Review
Note
Studied by 174 people
5.0
(2)
Chapter 11: Serology Techniques: Past, Current, and Future
Note
Studied by 10 people
5.0
(1)
11-05: Trigonometry and Trigonometric Ratios
Note
Studied by 67 people
5.0
(1)
Chapter 25: Disputed Boundaries: Punitive Damages
Note
Studied by 12 people
5.0
(1)