PLTW Reveiw- RED

What can be done at a scene of a mysterious death to help reconstruct what happened?

Sketch the scene, log data, collect any evidence, fingerprint, take photos of evidence, and test any liquids found on scene. 

What biomedical science professionals are involved in crime scene analysis and determination of manner of death? 

Forensic pathologists, medical examiners, and forensic scientists

Biomedical Science

The biomedical sciences include research, medicine, health care, pharmacology, medical technology, and even forensics.

What are restriction enzymes?

Restriction enzymes are molecular scissors that can cut DNA in specific locations.

What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)?

RPLFs are the bars on the electroforesis or the differences in the pattern of DNA fragments, resulting from variation in the DNA sequence shown by restriction enzymes.

What are the sugars and phosphates in DNA?

Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups.

Label a DNA Molecule

What does the feedback loop for diabetes look like?

Hyperglycemia

When the blood sugar levels are too high

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia

What are the 9 human body systems?

Respiratory system, Cardiovascular system, Digestive system, Lymphatic system, Immune system, Nervous system, Endocrine system, Skeletal system, and Muscular system

What is the Function of the Respiratory system

To deliver oxygen to the body and expels CO2 from the body.

What is the Function of the Cardiovascular system

To deliver blood (and everything it carries, oxygen, nutrients, etc.) to the body

What is the function of the digestive system

To break down food into nutrients and glucose

What is the function of the lymphatic system

maintain fluid balance in the body, filter fluids, and transport immune cells. It includes structures like lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and organs like the spleen and thymus. 

What is the immune systems Function

The immune system is the body's defense against pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) and other harmful substances. It includes various components like white blood cells, antibodies, and organs like the spleen and thymus.

What is the nervous system’s function

send and receive signals, enabling communication and coordination within the body

What is the endocrine system’s function

The body's communication network, using hormones to regulate and coordinate various bodily processes, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction

What is the skeletal system’s function

Provides a structural framework for the body, facilitating movement, and protects vital organs

What is the muscular system’s function

Moves the body through the contraction of skeletal muscles

List postmortem changes that can occur

Changing temperature 

Clouding of the corneas 

Rigor mortis 

Livor Mortis 

Decomposition

Insect Activity 

What is the manner of death?

The circumstances that result in death (natural or unnatural)

Mechanism of death

What happens in the body to result in death

Carbohydrates function

Primary source of energy

Carbohydrates Structure

Carbohydrates building block

Monosaccharides (aka simple sugars)

Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose

Protein Function

Secondary source of energy

Protein structure

Protein building block

Amino Acids

Lipid Function

“Last resort” for energy

Lipid Structure

Lipid building block

Fatty acids

How does a change in the DNA code affect the shape of a protein?

It changes the amino acid sequence which could cause abnormal folding.

Anticodon

It is the opposite set of a codon, on mRNA

What is the pathway blood takes as it passes through the heart?

Superior vena cava-> Right atrium-> Tricuspid valve-> Right ventricle-> Pulmonary Valve-> Pulmonary Artery -> Pulmonary valve -> Left atrium -> Mitral valve -> Left Ventricle -> Aortic valve -> Aorta

EKG or ECG

A medical test that records the electrical activity of the heart over time

Hypertension

Chronic high blood pressure

What roles does cholesterol play in our cells and body?

1. It is a key component in cell structure

2. It is used to make key nutrients and hormones

What is familial hypercholesterolemia and how is it inherited?

It is a dominant inherited disorder that causes chronic high blood pressure.

What lifestyle changes can help manage cholesterol?

Eat less saturated fats and exercise more

What is atherosclerosis?

It is the buildup of cholesterol on the artery wall.

Angioplasty

A procedure used to open up blocked arteries

Stent

A small tube that is used to hold open a narrowed or blocked artery

Bypass Surgery

A heart surgery where you reroute blood around blocked or narrowed arteries in the heart

Stroke

When the blood flowing to your brain is blocked preventing oxygen from reaching it

Myocardial Infarction

Heart attack, when the blood flowing to the heart is suddenly blocked, preventing the heart from receiving oxygen

What are the 6 parts of the brain?

Frontal lobe, Parental lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe, Spinal cord, and the Cerebellum

Frontal Lobe Function

Involved in decision-making, planning, and motor control.

Parietal lobe Function

Processes sensory information like touch, temperature, and spatial awareness.

Temporal Lobe Function

Responsible for hearing, language comprehension, and memory.

Occipital Lobe Function

It processes sensory information from the eyes, enabling us to perceive and interpret what we see.

Spinal Cord Function

It is the central communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body.

Cerebellum Function

Receives sensory information from the body and integrates it with motor commands from the brain to produce smooth, coordinated movements.

How can technology be used to collect and analyze cardiovascular data?

utilizing devices like ECGs, echocardiograms, and wearable sensors to monitor heart function. This data can then be analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns, predict risks, and personalize treatment plans. 

Why is it important to monitor the heartbeat?

It is important for assessing your overall health, fitness level, and identifying potential heart conditions

What factors influence heart beat?

It is influenced by age, activity level, body position, emotions, body size, and medications

What factors can affect blood pressure?

Genetics, lifestyle choices (diet, physical activity, stress, etc.), and underlying medical conditions.

How do doctors treat a blocked blood vessel?

With angioplasty, a stent, or bypass surgery 

What is heart disease?

It is a wide range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels

What are risk factors for developing heart disease?

Poor diet, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.