Causes and Effects of 20th-Century Wars

Political Imperialism

The strategy of extending power, often leading to competition over colonies and resources.

Impact of Imperialism

Causes global tension and affects relations in Europe, exemplified by the Scramble for Africa.

Militarism

Military planning characterized by nations rushing to acquire more weapons and military leaders influencing politics.

Arms Race

A competition among nations to accumulate weapons and military strength.

Alliances

Forming partnerships, such as the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance, which can create a balance of power.

Russian Revolution

A series of events leading to the overthrow of the Tsar and establishment of a communist state.

Great Depression

A global economic crisis beginning in 1929, leading to widespread unemployment and social unrest.

Colonial Independence Movements

Decolonization efforts in Africa and Asia following World War II.

Border Disputes

Conflicts arising over territorial boundaries, such as those between India and Pakistan.

Democracy vs Totalitarianism

An ideological conflict between systems of governance focused on freedom and control.

Capitalism vs Communism

An ideological battle between market economies and state-controlled economies.

Marxism

A political and economic theory advocating class struggle and revolution to establish a classless society.

Nationalism

Extreme patriotism that often manifests as hostility toward other nations.

Foreign Influence of Japan

Japan’s significant role in shaping Asian geopolitics in the 20th century.

Civil War

A war between factions or groups within the same country, often due to political disagreements.

War Between States

A conflict between independent nations, typically involving organized military forces.

Guerrilla Warfare

Irregular warfare tactics used by small groups to fight against a larger conventional military.

Air Warfare

Combat involving aircraft, focusing on tactics such as bombing and aerial dogfights.

Naval Warfare

Combat conducted on or under the sea, using ships and submarines.

Land Warfare

Combat that takes place on the ground, involving various military assets and tactics.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 agreement that imposed penalties on Germany after World War I.

Rise of Totalitarian Regimes

The emergence of dictatorships in Europe, notably in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

League of Nations

An international organization formed after World War I, ultimately deemed ineffective.

United Nations

An international organization established post-World War II to promote peace and cooperation.

USA vs USSR

The ideological conflict during the Cold War characterized by the rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union.

Post-war Reconstruction

Efforts to rebuild economies and infrastructure after devastating conflicts.

Economic Boom

A period of significant economic growth following major wars.

Destruction of Landscapes

Environmental impact caused by warfare, leading to long-term ecological damage.

World War I Causes

Triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and fueled by nationalism and militarism.

World War II Causes

Rooted in the Treaty of Versailles, expansionist policies of Axis powers, and failures in diplomacy.

Korean War Effects

Resulted in ongoing tensions between North and South Korea.

Vietnam War Causes

Driven by French colonialism and Cold War dynamics.

Cold War Causes

Ideological conflicts leading to a nuclear arms race between the US and USSR.

Arab-Israeli Conflict Causes

Originated from territorial disputes following the establishment of Israel.

Key Figure - Archduke Franz Ferdinand

His assassination triggered the outbreak of World War I.

Key Figure - Adolf Hitler

Nazi leader whose policies initiated World War II.

Key Figure - Franklin D. Roosevelt

US President during the Great Depression and World War II.

Key Figure - Winston Churchill

UK Prime Minister known for his leadership during World War II.

Key Figure - Mikhail Gorbachev

Last leader of the Soviet Union, known for his reform policies.

Key Figure - Ho Chi Minh

Leader of the Vietnamese independence movement during the Vietnam War.

Key Figure - Jawaharlal Nehru

First Prime Minister of India, influential in India's independence movement.