Introduction to Microbiology
Microbiology
Study of microorganisms or microbes
Bio
Life
Logos
Study
Pathogens
Microbial enemies. These microbes causes diseases
Non-Pathogen
Microbial allies. These microbes do not cause diseases
Acellular and Cellular
These are the categories of microbes
Acellular Microbes
These are infectious particles which includes viroids, viruses, and prions. Non-living once outside the host cell; inert particles; can replicate inside the host cell.
Virus
This is not considered a cell and can be considered to be simpler than cell. It can cause infection or disease.
Cellular Microbes
These are microorganism which includes all bacteria, archaea, protozoa and some algae and fungi.
Prokaryotic Cells
These are simple organisms that lack specialized structures (no nucleus). Examples of these cells are bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic Cells
These are complex cells that have organelles and nucleus. They mutated from prokaryotic cells.
Ecological Balance
This refers to the flow of energy and food through the ecosystem. It is involved in elemental cycles such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycles.
Photosynthesis
It is the conversion of CO2 into organic material which serves as the basis for the food chain and the production of oxygen for humans to function
Algae
This is the responsible for approximately half of the total accounts for photosynthesis.
Decomposition
It refers to the breaking down of dead matter, waste products into simple compounds that can be used back, recycled into natural cycles of living things.
Physiological Functions
It refers to the needs for microorganisms found in the digestive tract to occur.
Medicine Development
It utilizes bacteria or fungi to treat patients with infectious diseases.
Food Technology
It refers to the processed foods, condiments and beverages using microorganism.
Genetic Engineering
It refers to the insertion of foreign genes into microorganisms to enable it to produce specific gene products allow the definition of recombinant microbes.
Disease Process
It can cause disease
Indigenous Microbiota
Microorganisms that live on and in the human body which is beneficial to humans.
Opportunistic Pathogens
These do not cause disease under ordinary condition. They can be thought of as microbes awaiting the opportunity to cause disease.
Saprophytes
They live in dead or decaying organic matter. They also break down dead organic matter into nitrates, phosphates, and other chemicals for plant growth.
Bioremediation
It is the use of microorganisms to remove or decontaminate toxic materials in the environment
Robert Hooke
He reported that life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or cells. Cell Theory
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
The Father of Microbiology, Bacteriology, and Protozoology. He is the first to observe and describe live microorganisms through magnifying lenses. He coined the term “animacules”.
Abiogenesis (Theory of Spontaneous Generations)
It states that life can be develop spontaneously from inanimate objects or non-living things.
Theory of Biogenesis
Theorized by Rudolf Virchow in 1858 and disproved the Theory of Spontaneous Generations. It states that life can only arise from preexisting life.
Francesco Redi
Father of Parasitology and Founder of Experimental Biology. He is a strong opponent of theory of spontaneous generations. He also performed one of the first biological experiment.
Omne Vivum Ex Vivo
Famous adage which means “All life comes from life”
John Needham
“The First Boil”. His experiment seemed to show that there was a life force that produced spontaneous generation. Furthermore, Life can begin from inorganic matter given a sufficient time. Thus, life can sprout from the dead.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
“The Second Boil”. He produced the first rebuttal of the theory of spontaneous generation. He suggested that microorganisms from the air probably had entered Needham’s solution. He paved the way for the work of Louis Pasteur.
Rudolf Virchow
He claims that living cells can only arise from preexisting cells.
Louis Pasteur
He provided evidence that microorganisms cannot originate from nonliving matter. He developed the process of fermentation and pasteurization. He also introduced the terms “aerobes” and “anaerobes”
Ferdinand Cohn
A botanist who discovered bacterial endospores.
John Tyndall
he discovered the heat resistance of spores. He worked out a way to reliably kill them by repeated boiling.
Oliver Holmes
An American doctor who said that infection is higher among patients delivered in hospitals compared those delivered at home.
Nosocomial Infection
It is the hospital-acquired infection.
Joseph Lord Lister
The Pioneer of antiseptic surgery. He used carbolic acid spray in surgery and on surgical wound. He introduced the term “antisepsis” or “aseptic technique”
Robert Koch
A German doctor who developed methods of fixing, staining, and photographing bacteria. He also discovered tuberculosis.
Hans Christian Gram
A Danish bacteriologist who developed Gram staining, a method for distinguishing between two major classes of bacteria. (Gram-negative and Gram-positive)
Edward Jenner
The Father of Immunology who discovered the smallpox vaccine.
Ignaz Semmelweis
The Father of Handwashing
Florence Nightingale
She introduced cleanliness and other sterile/antiseptic techniques into nursing practice. She developed the Environmental Theory.
Magic Bullet
A chemical that could kill pathogen without damaging the surrounding tissues. AKA chemotherapy
Quinine
The first known chemical to treat a disease which was used by Spanish conquistadors
Chemotherapy
Treatment of disease by using chemical substances
Paul Enrich
He discovered arsphenamine (salvarsan), an arsenic derivative effective against syphilis. He received German Nobel laureate in 1900 for magic bullet.
Alexander Fleming
He discovered Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Nephrotoxic
Medications that causes damage to kidneys
Hepatotoxic
Medications that causes damage to liver
Bacteriology
Study of Bacteria
Mycology
Study of Fungi
Parasitology
Study of Protozoa and Parasitic worms
Immunology
Study of Immune system and response
Virology
Study of Viruses
Protozoology
Study of Protozoa and Its activities
Phycology
Study of Algae