identifies substances that are present in materials
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Clinical chemistry
involves primary biochemistry and analytical chemistry
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Science
The systematic study of God’s universe and how it works
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Hypothesis
A tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon
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Observing
Gathering date by looking closely at nature
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Hypothesizing
speculating about nature and forming general principles to explain it
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Experimenting
testing hypotheses in a systematic way to determine if they are valid or invalid
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Theory
A set of conclusions supported by scientific hypotheses and related experimentation that describes why a law works.
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Scientific Law
A statement, grounded in a theory, of what should naturally occur under a given set of conditions
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Mathematics
the language of science
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Precision
Repeatability
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Accuracy
Correctness
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Exact Numbers
Obtained by counting
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System of measurement
A collection of compatible, related units that can be used to measure various quantities
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Metric System
Based on powers of 10
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Nano
one billionth to 10-9
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Micro
one millionth to 10-6
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Milli
one thousandth to 10-3
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Centi
One hundredth to 10-2
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Kilo
one thousandth to 10 3
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Mega
one millionth to 10 6
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Prefixes
Attached to tube base unit to change its value
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Length
Meter
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Volume
Liter
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Mass
The amount of matter in an object
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Weight
The force of gravity of an object
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N
What is the symbol for nano
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μ
What is the symbol for micro
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M
What is the symbol for milli
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C
What is the symbol for centi
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K
What is the symbol for kilo
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m
What is the symbol for mega
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Coldest Possible Temperature
Absolute Zero
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Kelvin
Same size degrees as celsius
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Absolute scale
no negative values
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Time
Second
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Dimensional Analysis
A technique for converting units using a conversion factor
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Scientific Notation
A way to write large numbers in a short format
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Meter
What is the name for length
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m
What is the symbol for length
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Kilogram
What is the name for mass
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kg
What is the symbol for mass
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Liter
What is the name for volume
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L
What is the symbol for volume
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Second
What is the name for time
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s
What is the symbol for time
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Degree celsius
What is the name for temperature
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C
What is the symbol for temperature
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Kelvin
What is the name for absolute temperature
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K
What is the symbol for absolute temperature
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Pascal
What is the name for pressure
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Pa
What is the symbol for pressure
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Mole
What is the name for amount of substances
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Mol
What is the symbol for the amount of substances
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Joule
What is the name for energy
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J
What is the symbol for energy
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Significant digit
any of the digits in a measured value that represent the uncertainty of the measurement
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Ex Nihilo
Latin Phrase meaning “Out of Nothing”
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Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
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Solid, Liquid, Gas
3 Ordinary States
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Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
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Solid
Definite shape and volume
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Liquid
Definite volume but no definite shape
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Gas
No Definite volume or shape
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Melting Point
Particles of a solid gain enough energy to break loose of their rigid positions
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Boiling Point
Particles of a liquid gain enough energy to break fully away from each other
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Plasma
Most common state of matter in the universe
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Substance
A form of matter with unique properties that make it different from other substances
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Atoms
The smallest particles of an element that still have the properties of that element
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Elements
substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary means into simpler substances
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Molecules
Groups of 2 or more atoms
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Atomic Symbol
Abbreviations given to each element
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Compound
Any substance that can be broken down into simpler substances
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Formula
A grouping of symbols listing the number of atoms of each element in a molecule
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Pure Substance
Both elements are compounds are pure substances
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Homogeneous
Same composition all the way throughout the substance
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Mixture
Physically mixed but not chemically united
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Atomic Theory
Proposed by John Dalton
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Law of Definite Composition
The ratios of masses of each element in a given compound will always be the same
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The Law of Multiple Proportions
Two elements that combine to form more than one compound will form ratios of small whole numbers
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Chemical properties
how matter reacts to change into other chemically different substances having different properties;
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Physical change
Changes in the physical appearance of matter that do not change the identity or chemical composition of a substance
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Chemical change
A change in which a sub-stance becomes a different substance with a different composition and properties
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Distillation
process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation, usually inside an apparatus known as a still.
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Chromatography
the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
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Electrons
negative
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Protons
positive
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JJ Thomson
discovered the electron and then went on to propose a model for the structure of the atom
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Nucleus
Contains most of the mass of the atom
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Neutrons
Neutral
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Up Quark
Positive ⅔
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Down Quark
Negative ⅓
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Nucleons
Any particles in the nucleus
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Isotopes
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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Quark
Particles believed to be smaller than protons and neutrons
Studied by 13 people
