Chemistry Test

Physical Chemistry

The study of reactions of properties and matters

Organ Chemsitry

Study substances that are compounds of carbon

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical combinations of elements

Biochemistry

The chemistry of living things

Analytical chemistry

identifies substances that are present in materials

Clinical chemistry

involves primary biochemistry and analytical chemistry

Science

The systematic study of God’s universe and how it works

Hypothesis

A tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon

Observing

Gathering date by looking closely at nature

Hypothesizing

speculating about nature and forming general principles to explain it

Experimenting

testing hypotheses in a systematic way to determine if they are valid or invalid

Theory

A set of conclusions supported by scientific hypotheses and related experimentation that describes why a law works.

Scientific Law

A statement, grounded in a theory, of what should naturally occur under a given set of conditions

Mathematics

the language of science

Precision

Repeatability

Accuracy

Correctness

Exact Numbers

Obtained by counting

System of measurement

A collection of compatible, related units that can be used to measure various quantities

Metric System

Based on powers of 10

Nano

one billionth to 10-9

Micro

one millionth to 10-6

Milli

one thousandth to 10-3

Centi

One hundredth to 10-2

Kilo

one thousandth to 10 3

Mega

one millionth to 10 6

Prefixes

Attached to tube base unit to change its value

Length

Meter

Volume

Liter

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Weight

The force of gravity of an object

N

What is the symbol for nano

μ

What is the symbol for micro

M

What is the symbol for milli

C

What is the symbol for centi

K

What is the symbol for kilo

m

What is the symbol for mega

Coldest Possible Temperature

Absolute Zero

Kelvin

Same size degrees as celsius

Absolute scale

no negative values

Time

Second

Dimensional Analysis

A technique for converting units using a conversion factor

Scientific Notation

A way to write large numbers in a short format

Meter

What is the name for length

m

What is the symbol for length

Kilogram

What is the name for mass

kg

What is the symbol for mass

Liter

What is the name for volume

L

What is the symbol for volume

Second

What is the name for time

s

What is the symbol for time

Degree celsius

What is the name for temperature

C

What is the symbol for temperature

Kelvin

What is the name for absolute temperature

K

What is the symbol for absolute temperature

Pascal

What is the name for pressure

Pa

What is the symbol for pressure

Mole

What is the name for amount of substances

Mol

What is the symbol for the amount of substances

Joule

What is the name for energy

J

What is the symbol for energy

Significant digit

any of the digits in a measured value that represent the uncertainty of the measurement

Ex Nihilo

Latin Phrase meaning “Out of Nothing”

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Solid, Liquid, Gas

3 Ordinary States

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion

Solid

Definite shape and volume

Liquid

Definite volume but no definite shape

Gas

No Definite volume or shape

Melting Point

Particles of a solid gain enough energy to break loose of their rigid positions

Boiling Point

Particles of a liquid gain enough energy to break fully away from each other

Plasma

Most common state of matter in the universe

Substance

A form of matter with unique properties that make it different from other substances

Atoms

The smallest particles of an element that still have the properties of that element

Elements

substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary means into simpler substances

Molecules

Groups of 2 or more atoms

Atomic Symbol

Abbreviations given to each element

Compound

Any substance that can be broken down into simpler substances

Formula

A grouping of symbols listing the number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Pure Substance

Both elements are compounds are pure substances

Homogeneous

Same composition all the way throughout the substance

Mixture

Physically mixed but not chemically united

Atomic Theory

Proposed by John Dalton

Law of Definite Composition

The ratios of masses of each element in a given compound will always be the same

The Law of Multiple Proportions

Two elements that combine to form more than one compound will form ratios of small whole numbers

Chemical properties

how matter reacts to change into other chemically different substances having different properties;

Physical change

Changes in the physical appearance of matter that do not change the identity or chemical composition of a substance

Chemical change

A change in which a sub-stance becomes a different substance with a different composition and properties

Distillation

process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation, usually inside an apparatus known as a still.

Chromatography

the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor through a medium in which the components move at different rates.

Electrons

negative

Protons

positive

JJ Thomson

discovered the electron and then went on to propose a model for the structure of the atom

Nucleus

Contains most of the mass of the atom

Neutrons

Neutral

Up Quark

Positive ⅔

Down Quark

Negative ⅓

Nucleons

Any particles in the nucleus

Isotopes

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Quark

Particles believed to be smaller than protons and neutrons

Z

Atomic number