Music, Art, Physical Education, and Health Key Terms (20th Century)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms from music, art, physical education, and health topics discussed in the notes.

Elements of Music

The fundamental components that make up music: melody, harmony, rhythm, dynamics, texture, tempo, timbre, form, and tone quality.

Melody

A singable tune or main succession of pitches in a piece of music.

Harmony

The combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes to build chords and chord progressions.

Rhythm

The pattern of sounds and silences in time within music.

Dynamics

Variations in loudness or force in a musical performance.

Texture

How many layers of sound there are and how they interact (monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic).

Tempo

The speed or pace of a music piece.

Timbre

The color or quality of sound that distinguishes different voices and instruments.

Form

The organizational structure of a musical work (e.g., binary, ternary, sonata form).

Impressionism

A movement in music and art (1860s–early 20th century) characterized by blurred outlines and atmosphere; Debussy and Ravel in music; Monet and Manet in visual art.

Debussy and Ravel

Pioneers of musical Impressionism who explored atmospheric textures and innovative scales.

Expressionism

An early 20th-century movement focusing on emotional experience, often using the 12-tone scale; notable works include Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire.

Arnold Schoenberg

Composer associated with Expressionism and the development of the 12-tone technique.

Neoclassicism

A movement seeking a partial return to classical principles, blending new elements with traditional forms.

Bela Bartók

A 20th-century composer described as neo-classical, modern nationalist, and primitive; used Hungarian folk themes with changing meters and strong rhythms.

Primitivism

A 20th-century musical style expressing ideas or images related to antiquity or primitive cultures.

Avant-Garde Music

A musical style exploring new sounds and spatial dimensions; associated with experimentation (George Gershwin is cited as Father of American Jazz in the notes).

George Gershwin

Composer noted as the Father of American Jazz in the provided notes.

Electronic Music

Music that uses electronic elements (tape, amplifiers, synthesizers) and concepts like musique concrète; Edgard Varèse is referenced as a pioneer.

Edgard Varèse

Pioneer often called the Father of Electronic Music.

Abstractionism

An art movement emphasizing logical analysis and simplification of forms, using shapes like cylinders, spheres, and cones.

Cubism

An Abstractionism sub-movement pioneered by Pablo Picasso.

Futurism

An Abstractionism sub-movement pioneered by Gino Severini.

Mechanical Style

An Abstractionism sub-movement associated with Fernand Léger.

Non-Objectivism

An Abstractionism sub-movement pioneered by Piet Mondrian.

Action Painting

Abstract expressionist painting on large canvases laid on the floor, often involving spontaneous drips or splatters; Jackson Pollock is a key figure.

Color Field Painting

A style focusing on large areas of color to evoke emotion and mood.

Op Art

Optical Art that uses illusion and precise, mathematical compositions to create the impression of movement.

Pop Art

A movement beginning in the 1960s that uses imagery from popular culture; Richard Hamilton is noted as a Father of Pop Art.

Installation Art

Artworks designed to transform the perception of a space, often called land, environmental, or temporary art.

Active Recreation

Leisure-time physical activity outside structured competitive sport.

Exercise

A planned, structured, repetitive routine to improve one or more components of physical fitness.

Warm-Up

Preparatory activity to ready the body for physical activity.

Objective of Physical Fitness Test

To determine fitness levels, identify strengths/weaknesses, and guide sport participation and development.

Cardio-Respiratory Endurance

The ability of the heart, lungs, and vascular system to sustain prolonged exercise and delay fatigue; assessed by tests like the 3-Minute Step Test.

Muscular Strength

The ability of muscles to exert maximum force; endurance develops with repeated exertion of force.

Muscular Endurance

The ability of a muscle to repeatedly exert force over time.

Flexibility

The ability of muscles to move joints through a full range of motion.

Body Composition (BMI)

The proportion of fat to lean tissue in the body; BMI is used to assess healthy weight ranges.

Balance

The ability to control the body's position, either stationary or while moving.

Coordination

The smooth integration of senses and body parts to perform tasks.

Speed

The ability to move quickly; measured by short-distance sprints (e.g., 50 meters).

Power

The ability to move body parts swiftly while exerting maximum force; combines speed and strength.

Reaction Time

The speed at which a person responds to a stimulus.

Agility

The ability to change direction rapidly and accurately.

Purpose of Recreational Activities

To refresh oneself through enjoyable activities.

Lifestyle

Patterns of daily behavior, including typical activities at home, school, or work.

Badminton

A net game originated in India played on a rectangular court with shuttlecock and rackets.

Consumer Health Education

Educating consumers to make informed health choices and understand health information.

Consumer Act of the Philippines (RA 7394)

Law protecting consumers against health fraud and misinformation, effective July 15, 1992.

Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (RA 8423)

Law to improve health care delivery by developing traditional and alternative health care (enacted Dec 9, 1997).

DTI

Department of Trade and Industry (protects consumers among other roles).

BFAD

Bureau of Foods and Drugs.

DepEd

Department of Education.

DA

Department of Agriculture.

NFA

National Food Authority.

GSIS

Government Service Insurance System.

SSS

Social Security System.

DOH

Department of Health.

PhilHealth

Philippine Health Insurance Corporation.

BFAR

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources.

Consumers International

Global federation of consumer protection organizations.

ACCP

ASEAN Committee on Consumer Protection.