M6 — Travel & Study in Europe

May 1, 1882

May 1, 1882

Rizal prepares to leave Calamba for Europe; arrives in Manila.

May 2, 1882

Rizal bids farewell; Recommendation Letter from Pedro Paterno to give to his friend Esquivel; Recommendation Letters to Jesuit Fathers in Barcelona

May 3, 1882

— Rizal leaves for Europe.
— 2nd time leaving his family to study

1872, Leaving Calamba for Manila

When was the 1st time Rizal left his family for the purpose of studying?

(1) Finish his studies
(2) Report abuses committed by Spanish officials in the PH.

What are the reasons of Rizal's departure to Europe?

Unknown

Rizal's departure is ________ to his parents, sisters, and Leonor Rivera.

Paciano, Rizal

Only _____ and _____ knew about Rizal's departure.

Salvadora

Spanish ship bound for SINGAPORE in Rizal's departure to Europe

Singapore

Country under British Colony that Rizal went to first.

1824

When was the start of British rule in Singapore?

Sketching

Rizal uses his skill in ________ to remember the Philippines.

Old, Out-of-date

Rizal describes the "Salvadora" as being _______ and _______.

Philippines

Governed by Spain under the same political principles as in the 16th century (as a colony and without modern reforms)

Mostly Spaniards

Who boards the Salvadora to go back to Spain.

Spanish Passengers

In the Salvadora; Spoke badly about the Philippines (long distance from Spain, hot climate, etc.)

May 11, 1882

Date Rizal boards ship IN Singapore.

Djemnah

— French ship that Rizal boards from Singapore to Marseilles.
— One of several ships of the Messageries Maritimes that travel bet. Asia and Europe.

Djemnah

— Symbol of modern world created by the West.
— Very large ship
— Shines with cleanliness
— Cabins are beautiful, clean, and well-ventilated.
— Each cabin has lights, curtains, basins, and mirrors.
— Floor is covered with rugs.
— Each bed in each berth has springs.
— Toilets are very clean.
— Bathrooms are excellent.
— Stewards are attentive, courteous, and smart.
— Stewards clean all shoes everyday.

1. French
2. English
3. Dutch
4. Spaniards

What were the nationalities of the European passengers of Djemnah?

1. Malays
2. Siamese

What were the nationalities of the Asian passengers of Djemnah?

European Passengers of Djemnah

— Spoke and conversed with Rizal.
— Did not harbor racial discrimination against Filipinos.

Dutch passengers, French language

Rizal conversed with ______ passengers in the ______ language.

Salvadora
- Manila to Singapore

Djemnah
- Singapore to Colombo (Sri Lanka)
- Colombo to Aden (Arabian Peninsula)
- Aden to Port Said (Egypt)
- Port Said (Egypt) to Marseilles (France)

What was the route that Rizal took to travel to Europe>

June 13, 1882

Rizal disembarks the Djemnah in Marseilles.

June 13-14, 1882

Rizal stays in Marseilles for two days.

Marseilles

— Rizal is exposed for the first time to the grandeur of a European City.

— "This is the most elegant city that I have seen and it is cultured and rich with respect to its houses. The majority of these are decorated with statues, caryatids, bunches of flowers, sphinxes, busts, etc., large, admirable for their richness in crystal and marble elegantly combined"

June 15, 1882

— Rizal leaves Marseilles (France) for Barcelona (Spain) via express train.

Immense speed, seemed like lightning, a monster, a shooting star

How was the train travel to Barcelona like?

June 16, 1882

Rizal arrives in Barcelona; Estacion de Francia at 12:00 noon

Barcelona

— Rizal's gateway to Spain.
— Rizal did not like this city initially bc the streets were dirty and the houses were of poor architecture (poor and vulgar).

Fonda España

— Where Rizal first stayed in Barcelona. -- Service and accommodation were poor.
— Located near the port of Barcelona where workers and ordinary people lived.

Calle San Severo

After living in Fonda España, Rizal transferred to a boarding house in ____________.

Jesuits

— Recommended to Rizal the house in Calle San Severo
— Lent Rizal some money.

House in Calle Severo

— Rizal is still disappointed in this housing.
— "...as I looked at the brick floor of my room, the straw chairs, the hard and not so tidy bed, not a mirror, an old and broken wash-basin ... I became intensely dispirited and sad and more than ever with deep sorrow I remembered our house which is a thousand times more decent than that"

Comfort, convenience

Rizal gave up _______ and ______ in going to Spain to report Spanish abuses in the Philippines.

August 20, 1882

Rizal writes El Amor Patrio

El Amor Patrio

— Rizal's first literary work in Spain.
— Means "national love" (love of country)
— Message: Love of Country -- Highest Ideal
— Rizal writes on a theme that travelers always experiece when they find themselves far from the land of their birth -- Intense longing for their native land.
— Nostalgia for one's country is not surprising but a very natural feeling.

September 1882

Rizal leaves Barcelona and arrives in Madrid to continue his studies.

September 12, 1882

— Rizal enrolls at the Universidad Central de Madrid
— Takes up Medicine
— Takes up Philosophy & Letters

1. Juan Luna
2. Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo

Rizal greatly admired the talent in art of the following 2 Filipino students.

Language and Literature Studies

Rizal excels in other academic endeavors, namely...

1882-1883

Rizal's 5th year in Medicine

1. Medical Clinic = Good
2. Surgical Clinic = Good
3. Obstetrical Clinic = Fair
4. Legal Medicine = Excellent

Rizal's subjects in his 5th year in Medicine.

1883-1884

Rizal's 6th year in Medicine

1. Medical Clinic = Good
2. Surgical Clinic = Very Good

Rizal's subjects in his 6th year in Medicine

1. Hebrew Language - Diploma of Honor
2. Greek & Latin Literature
3. Spanish Literature - Diploma of Honor

What language and literature did Rizal take up in 1882-1884?

What are the diplomas he received?

Fencing

What sport did Rizal partake in Madrid?

June 21, 1884

Rizal finishes his studies in Medicine.

June 1885

Rizal finishes his studies in Philosophy and Letters.

Doctor of Medicine

What profession did Rizal acquire?

Circulo Hispano-Filipino

— Association in Madrid made up of Filipino and Spaniards.
— Proposes to publish a magazine (which Rizal disapproves)

Noli Me Tangere

Rizal plans to write a book about conditions in the Philippines while in Madrid. What is this book?

June 25, 1884

Rizal is invited to give a toasting speech.

Toasting Speech

— Aim is to honor Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo for winning the gold medal in a contest in painting.
— Held in Hotel Ingles, Madrid

Exposicion de Bellas Artes

What contest did Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo won a gold medal in?

Juan Luna

Won the gold medal for his painting "Spoliarium"

Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo

Won the gold medal for his painting "Virgenes cristianas expuestas al populacho"

Brindis

— Rizal calls attention to the greatness of Luna and Hidalgo.
— Rizal calls Luna and Hidalgo the honor of Spain and the Philippines.

— Rizal criticizes the racial discrimination of the Spaniards for calling Filipinos inferior and savages.
— Rizal delivers his first clear political message to the Spanish government and the friars in the Philippines.
— Rizal calls upon Spain to be like a truly caring mother to her daughter (Philippines).
— Rizal alerts the coming of a new day in the Philippines with the birth of Philippine nationalism led by the ilustrados.

Friars

— Myopic Pygmies
1. Failed to project their vision into the future.
2. Corrupted and corrupting.
3. Engaged in stifling all legitimate sentiments.

June 25, 1884

Spanish newspapers report Rizal's toasting speech "Brindis"

Friars in Manila read Rizal's toasting speech.

Ereje (Heretic), Filibustero (Subversive)

After reading Rizal's toasting speech, the friars declare Rizal an/a...

March 30, 1885

Rizal informs Paciano that he wants to specialize in Ophthalmology.

1. Better earnings as a specialist when returns to PH.
2. Cure his mother of her failing eyesight when he returns to PH.

Why did Rizal want to specialize in Ophthalmology?

February 3, 1886

— Arrives in Heidelberg
— Enrolls in Heidelberg University for conferences on Ophthalmology

February 14, 1886

Rizal tours Heidelberg Castle.

February 17, 1886

Rizal visits the eye clinic of Dr. Otto Becker

March 11, 1886

Rizal writes to his sister Trinidad, describing the German girl as serious, studious, and very much attached to her work -- Advised to read and read.

April 22, 1886

Rizal writes the poem " A las Flores del Heidelberg" (To the Flowers of Heidelberg)

A las Flores del Heidelberg

— Rizal sees a similarity between the flowers on the hills of Heidelberg with SAMPAGUITA (both are small and white).
— Feels a great nostalgia for the Philippines.
— Calls upon the flowers of Heidelberg that bloom along the banks of the NECKAR RIVER to bring his love to the Philippines.