Principles of liberalism

Individualism

The belief that the individual is more important than the state or any collective body, emphasizing self-awareness, capabilities, and freedom in decision-making.

Freedom

The ability for one to make decisions based on one's best interest, although it can be limited by law and the state.

The State

The governing body that early liberals view as having little power in individuals' lives, yet can be necessary to prevent disorder and protect the poor.

Rationalism

The principle that humans are guided by reason rather than prejudice or emotion, leading to the development of society.

Equality of opportunity

The belief that everyone should have the same chance to succeed within society, allowing for different abilities to be fulfilled.

Foundational equality

The notion that all people are born equal with universal human rights that cannot be taken away by any higher authority.

Social inequality

The acceptance that some inequality is permissible as individuals have different talents and should be rewarded based on merit.

Formal equality

The idea that all individuals possess the same legal and political rights under the law.

State intervention

The belief held by modern liberals that government involvement is necessary to achieve equality in wealth distribution.

Liberal Democracy

A political system characterized by free elections, limited government power, and recognition of civil liberties, where the government derives legitimacy from the consent of the governed.

Tyranny of the majority

A concern of classical liberals that a dominant majority might oppress a smaller group with differing opinions.