Inheritance, Alleles, and Monohybrid Cross Practice

Flashcards cover key concepts from notes on inheritance, including phenotype/genotype, alleles, dominance, and monohybrid crosses with P, F1, and F2 generations.

What is the observable expression of an organism's traits called?

Phenotype

What are the different versions of a gene called?

Alleles

What is the genetic makeup of an organism for a trait called?

Genotype

What allele is expressed when present, masking others?

Dominant allele

What allele is masked by a dominant allele and expressed only when two copies are present?

Recessive allele

What is the genotype called when both alleles are the same and dominant?

Homozygous dominant (e.g., AA)

What is the genotype called when both alleles are the same and recessive?

Homozygous recessive (e.g., aa)

What is the genotype called when two different alleles are present?

Heterozygous (e.g., Aa)

What generation is known as the parental generation in a genetic cross?

P generation (Parental)

What generation is produced by crossing the P generation?

F1 generation

What generation is produced when F1 individuals are crossed with each other?

F2 generation

In a cross between homozygous dominant (AA) and homozygous recessive (aa), what is the genotype of all F1 offspring?

Aa

In the same cross, what is the phenotype of all F1 offspring?

Dominant trait expressed (phenotype of Aa)

In an Aa x Aa cross, what is the genotype ratio of the F2 generation?

1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa

In the Aa x Aa cross, what is the phenotype ratio in the F2 generation?

3 dominant phenotype : 1 recessive phenotype

What is the term for a cross that follows a single characteristic across generations?

Monohybrid cross