Cells Unit Test Study Guide

Arm (Microscope)

The side of the microscope used to support it when carried.

Base (Microscope)

The bottom part of the microscope.

Body (Microscope)

Connects the eyepiece to the objectives.

Course Adjustment Knob (Microscope)

Moves the stage up and down to help get the specimen into view at low or medium power.

Diaphragm (Microscope)

Adjusts the amount of light that reaches the specimen.

Eyepiece (Microscope)

Allows viewing of the image and contains the ocular lens.

Fine Adjustment Knob (Microscope)

Moves the stage slightly to sharpen or fine-tune the view of the specimen at high power.

Mirror Lights (Microscope)

Projects light upwards to allow viewing of the specimen.

Nosepiece (Microscope)

Holds the objective lenses and can rotate to change magnification.

Objective Lenses (Microscope)

Range from low to high power, found on the nosepiece.

Stage (Microscope)

Supports the slide that is being viewed.

Stage Clips (Microscope)

Used to hold a slide in place on the stage.

what are the 6 charactaristics of living things?

1. they reproduce, grow in size, and are able to repair themselves

2. they require energy

3. respond to changes

4. have a lifespan

5. produce waste

6. are made up of at least one cell

what are the three main ideas in the cell theory?

1. all organisms are made through tiny cells

2. cells are the units of structure and are the base of living things

3. living cells come only from other living cells

what is the description of plants?

• multicellular

• use photosynthesis to create their food

what is the description of animals?

• multicellular

• 2 types of animals

  • vertebrates

  • invertebrates

• there are more invertebrates than vertebrates

what is the description of fungi?

• usually obtain nutrients by absorbing them from dead organisms

• DO NOT carry photosynthesis

• MOST are multicellular, some are cellular

what is the description of protist?

• protists are a group of organisms

• can be unicellular or multicellular

• usually found in or near water

bacteria

• bacteria are a group of organisms

• unicellular

• some live in bacterial groups

• they DO NOT have a nucleus

Multicellular Organisms

Organisms made up of more than one cell, such as humans and trees.

Unicellular Organisms

Organisms made up of one cell, such as bacteria.

Cell Membrane

Thin covering that holds organelles inside the cell and regulates entry and exit of substances.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance that supports organelles within a cell.

Nucleus

The brain of the cell, controlling its functions and containing chromosomes.

Chromosomes

• Chromosomes carry the cell's information to function and reproduce.

• They hold genetic information.

Vacuole

Sac-like organelle storing excess food, waste, and other substances.

Mitochondria

Powerhouses of the cell that break down food and release energy.

Ribosomes

Help make proteins through protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Folded organelle that makes proteins.

Golgi Apparatus

Combines proteins and delivers them to the rest of the cell.

Cell Wall

Provides structure and protection in plant cells and allows material to pass through small pores.

Chloroplast

Organelles that use sunlight to make food for plant cells through photosynthesis.

chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a green substance in plants that helps them capture sunlight, and it makes plants look green.n.

Organ Systems

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.

Circulatory System

Transports nutrients and wastes through blood vessels.

Respiratory System

Responsible for inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.

what is the digestive system? explain in detail.

Function of System - 

Breaks down food into small particles, called nutrients

• Transported by the circulatory system to all cells in the body

Organs of the system - 

• Small intestine

• Liver

• Pancreas

• Stomach

• Large intestine

Tissue of the system - 

Nerve, epithelial, connective, muscle

Musculoskeletal System

Provides movement and structural support for the body.

what is the nervous system? explain in detail

Function of System - 

Sends and receives messages through the body and controls behaviour and movement. Coordinates the function of all other organ systems

Organs of the system - 

• Brain, 

• sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, mouth)

• spinal cord

Tissue of the system - 

Epithelial, nerve and connective

Endocrine System

It controls the release of hormones to keep the body working properly.

what are the 6 organ systems?

1. circulatory system

2. respiratory system

3. digestive system

4. musculoskeletal system

5. nervous system

6. endocrine system