Cells Unit Test Study Guide

1. Parts of a microscope

2.  Characteristics of living things

List and explain the 6 characteristics of living things.

1. Living things grow in size, reproduce, and can repair themselves

- plants and animals increase in size as they grow older

- living things produce offspring

- living things repair worn or injured parts

2. Living things require energy

- plants get their energy from sunlight

- animals eat plants, other animals, or both to get their energy

3. Living things respond to changes in their environment

- animals try to escape from predators

- plants grow roots in the direction of moist soil

4. Living things have a lifespan

- living things have a life cycle

5. Living things produce waste

- living things produce unusable or unwanted materials that they release to the

external environment as waste

6. All living things are made up of at least one CELL

- the cell is the basic structural unit of life

- some organisms, such as bacteria, are made up of only one cell. These are

called UNICELLULAR organisms.

- other organisms, like humans, are made up of trillions of cells. These are called

MULTICELLULAR organisms

Give real life examples showing how each of these characteristics displays themselves in living organisms real-life

1. Humans getting taller

2. Humans sleep at night to get energy

3. Sunflowers turn wherever the sun goes

4. Humans dying 

5. humans going to the bathroom to poop

6. Bacteria being one cell

  3. The Cell Theory

What are the three main ideas in the cell theory?

1. All organisms are made of tiny cells 

2. Cells are the units of structure and are the base of living things

3. Living cells come only from other living cells
   

   4.  Classifying Organisms

   Organism Group	Description	Example
   plants	Multicellular  Use photosynthesis to create food	Trees and flowers
   animals	Multicellular  2 types of animals:  Vertebrates: animals with a backbone  invertebrates: animals  without a backbone  In general, there are more invertebrates than vertebrates	Vertebrates:  Deer Human  Invertebrates:  Spider Crab
   fungi	Fungi are organisms that usually obtain nutrients by absorbing them from dead or decaying matter They can NOT carry photosynthesis MOST are multicellular but some are unicellular	Mushrooms Yeast to make bread
   protists	Protists are a group of organisms Can be unicellular or multicellular  Usually found in or near water  Some protists make food  Others get food from the environment	Volvox Amoeba  paramecium
   bacteria	Bacteria are a group of organisms Unicellular  Some live in bacterial colonies (groups)  Do NOT have a nucleus	E coli

   Explain why it is important for scientists to classify organisms.

    i think it is important for scientists to classify organisms because many different organisms work in many different ways and even have different kinds of cell. For example, animals, have a cell wall, meanwhile, animals don’t, and that cell wall can change how the entire experiment works. 

5.  Parts of plant and animal cells

6.  Cell Organization

Cell - the building block of all living things 

Tissue -  a group of specialized cells in an organism that have similar structure and function 

Organ - two or more tissues that work together for a specific function 

Organ system - organs working together to form an organ system

Organisms - animals and plants that contain tissues, organs, and organ systems

7.  Organ Systems - know the basic of all 6, but know 2 well!

a) System name - CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Function of System - Transports nutrients, dissolved gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), and wastes to and from individual cells in the organism

Organs of the system - Heart, Veins/ arteries, Blood vessels

Tissue of the system - Nerve, connective, epithelial and muscle tissue

b) System name - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Function of System - Helps inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide and Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between the internal and external environments

Organs of the system - Lungs, Diaphragm, Trachea/ windpipe, Nose and larynx 

Tissue of the system - Nerve, connective, muscle, epithelial

c) System name - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Function of System - Breaks down food into small particles, called nutrients and Transported by the circulatory system to all cells in the body

Organs of the system - Small intestine, Liver, Pancreas, Stomach, Large intestine

Tissue of the system - Nerve, epithelial, connective, muscle

d) System name - MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Function of System - Helps us to be able to move around and Provides form, support, stability  and movement for our bodies to move from place to place. Also protects our internal structures from the outside environment

Organs of the system - bones

Tissue of the system - Muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective

e) System name - NERVOUS SYSTEM

Function of System - Sends and receives messages through the body and controls behaviour and movement. Coordinates the function of all other organ systems

Organs of the system - Brain, sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, mouth), spinal cord

Tissue of the system - Epithelial, nerve and connective

f) System name - ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Function of System - Regulates the amount of hormone being secreted by the glands to keep our body at a healthy level

Organs of the system - pituitary gland, pancreas- secretes hormones, thyroid glands also secrete hormones, hypothalamus

Tissue of the system - epithelial, nerve and connective