Medical Terminology Lesson 12

Hypophys/o

Pituitary gland

Oophor/o

ovary

Orch/o

testis

Orchid/o

testis

thyroaden/o

thyroid

acromegaly

hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty producing an enlargement of the extremities

Cushing syndrome

Obesity, moon-like facial fullness, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis produced by excessive secretions of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

Diabetes Mellitus

Pancreatic disorder causing an increase in blood glucose levels.

Type 1 diabetes

insulin-dependent. Complete deficiency of insulin on the body. Onset is in childhood.

Type 2 diabetes

non-insulin dependent. Insulin deficiency as well as resistance of tissues to the action of insulin. Onset is in adulthood.

Goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid gland overactivity; AKA Graves’ Disease

Radioactive iodine uptake

Thyroid function is measured after ingestion of radioactive iodine

Thyroid scan

Radioactive compound injected IV localizes in the thyroid gland producing images displaying the presence of tumors or nodules in the gland.

Cyst/o

Urinary bladder

Vesic/o

Urinary bladder

Pyel/o

renal pelvis

albuminuria

protein in urine

anuria

no urine production

dysuria

painful urination

glycosuria

glucose in the urine

Hematuria

blood in urine

Nephrolithiasis

Stones in kidney

Renal failure

Kidneys stop functioning and don’t produce urine

Cystoscopy

Visualization of urinary bladder by a cystoscope

Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

X-ray image of the kidneys and urinary tract without contrast

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

images of the urinary tract are produced on x-ray following injection of contrast material

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

X-ray films of the bladder and urethra are taken after the bladder is filled with a contrast material and while the patient is expelling urine

Dialysis

procedure in which urea, creatinine, and uric acid (waste materials) are separated from he blood by a machine (hemodialysis).

Lithotripsy

Procedure in which shock waves are used to crush urinary stones allowing them to pass out of the body with the urine.

Renal transplantation

Surgical procedure in which a donor kidney is transferred to a recipient.

Urinary catheterization

Procedure in which a catheter is passed through the urethra into the bladder.