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What are the five major functions of the skeletal system?
What are the two most protected organs of the body?
The brain and the heart.
What are ligaments?
Connect bone to bone.
What are tendons?
Connect bone to muscle.
What does hematopoiesis mean?
The creation of blood cells.
Which part of the body are most active in producing blood cells in adults?
Vertebra, sternum, ribs.
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton.
Axial: Axis
Appendicular: Extremities/limbs
How many bones are in the skull?
29
How many bones are in the vertebral column?
26
How many bones are in the ribcage?
25
How many total bones are in the axial skeleton?
80
How many total bones are there in the appendicular skeleton
126
How many total bones in the human skeleton?
206
What are sutures?
Non-moveable joints between the bones.
What are fontanels?
"Soft spots” in the skull.
What are the four paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal.
What does the auditory tube connect to?
What are the three ossicles?
Malleus, incus, stapes
What two things cause facial growth?
Eruption of teeth/Enlargement of the air sinuses
What does congenital mean?
From birth.
What is achondroplastic dwarfism?
Classic dwarfism. Caused by lack of growth hormones from adolescence.
What is cleft lip?
Incomplete fusion of the maxillae.
How frequent is cleft lip?
1/1000
What is cleft palate?
Partial/complete failure of palatine process of the maxillae to fuse together.
How frequent is cleft palate?
1/2500
What does dactyly mean?
Digits
What is spina bifida?
Incomplete fusion of the vertebral arches of the vertebrae.
What is a club foot?
Sole of the foot is turned inward at the ankle.
What is congenital hip dislocation?
Acetabulum of hip is not large enough to hold head of femur in place.
What causes ricketts?
Decreased calcium content in intercellular matrix of bone tissue.
What are the symptoms of rickets?
Softening of bones leading to scoliosis and bowed legs.
What is rickets?
Softening of the bones.
What is osteoporosis?
Porous bones.
What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?
Weak bones, that are easily broken.
What causes ostreoporosis?
Usually happens to women after menopause due to decreased estrogen. (iirc)
What is acromegaly?
Increased thickening of bones, especially mandibles and hands.
What is the name of the disorder that is caused from excess growth hormone in children?
Gigantism.
How do simple fractures look?
Closed. Maybe a bruise in the skin from impact?
How do compound fractures look?
Bone sticking out. Blood and ripped flesh because broken bones are sharp.
What are incomplete fractures?
Bones that aren’t completely snapped.
What are comminuted fractures?
Shattered bone.
What are osteomas?
Benign bone tumor.
What is osteosarcoma?
Malignant cancerous bone tumors.
What is the description of a fissure?
A break.
What is the description of a foramen?
An opening in a bone.
What is a meatus?
The entrance of the ear.
What are paranasal sinuses?
Communicates with nasal cavities.
What is a groove or sulcus?
A groove in the skull
What is a fossa?
A hollow in the bone
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