What is psychology? (1)

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts in an introductory psychology lecture.

Psychology

The scientific study of mental processes and behavior.

Scientific Approach in Psychology

Reliance on evidence and use of the scientific method to test what is perceivable and measurable.

Empirical Approach

Based on evidence and experimentation to answer questions.

Examples of psychology not grounded in science

Ideas such as the “oedipal complex” or “penis envy,” The “schizophrenogenic mother,” Conversion “therapy,” and Rebirthing “therapy”. Consequences: Holding back progress, societal knowledge. Danger and/or harm to individuals and society

Multiply Determined Behaviors

Behaviors are influenced by many factors.

Psychological factors

Psychological factors interact in complex ways

Individual Differences

Individuals vary in how they respond; the same rules do not apply to everyone.

Culture

Culture influences our psychology; different cultures can exhibit different psychology.

Branches of Psychology

Biopsychology (behavioral neuroscience), Cognitive psychology, Developmental psychology, Personality psychology, Social psychology, Industrial-organizational psychology, Health psychology, Sport/exercise psychology, Clinical psychology, Counseling psychology, School psychology, and Forensic psychology

Basic Focus

Fundamental understanding of processes.

Applied Focus

Researching how we can use (apply) basic knowledge to solve issues in the world

Psychology’s Integrative Themes

Psychological science relies on empirical evidence and adapts as new data develop. Psychology values diversity, promotes equity, and fosters inclusion in pursuit of a more just society. Ethical principles guide psychology research and practice. Applying psychological principles can change our lives, organizations, and communities in positive ways. Our perceptions and biases filter our experience of the world through an imperfect personal lens. Psychology explains general principles that govern behavior while recognizing individual differences. Psychological, biological, social, and cultural factors influence behavior and mental processes.

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

First psychologist. Psychology was scientific study of conscious experience and used introspection to examine own conscious experience. Started first psychology laboratory in 1879

Structuralism

Used introspection to reveal structure of the mind by breaking it into component parts.

Functionalism

Explored functions or purposes of mental processes and influenced by Darwin to find what’s the evolutionary purpose?