Chapter 1 flascards

Overconfidence effect

Tendency to be overly sure of what we know, making us unreasonably confident that our own intuitions are more correct than the consistent results of research studies.

Confirmation bias

Tendency to seek out, pay attention to, and believe only evidene that supports what we already know

Who created the scientific approach to psychology?

William Wundt in 1870s Germany, and William James in 1880s America. Approaches psychology with studies of perception, thought, and behavior.

Who created the clinical approach

Sigmund Freud in 20th century England and Austria. Approaches psychology with psychotherapy, psychiatry, and clinical practice.

Pseudoscience

Claims that are supposedly based on rigorous science and fact, but that are not supported by reliable, verifiable, scientific evidence.

Evolutionary perspective

To identify aspects of behavior that result from evolutionary adaptations

Cognitive perspective

To study the mental processes that underlie perception, thought, learning, memory, language, and creativity

Emotional perspective

To understand how out capacity to feel, express, and perceive emotions plays important roles in decision making, behavior, and social relationships.

Biological-neuroscience perspective

To understand the biological underpinnings of how we think, feel, and behave.

Neuroscience

The scientific study of how nerves and cells send and receive info from the brain, body, and spinal cord.

Developmental perspective

Study how people change physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally as they age.

Clinical perspective

Use psychological science to identify the causes and treatments of psychological disorders

3 components of happiness

Positive emotion and pleasure, engagement with life, and living a meaningful life with good relationships and a history of accomplisment