morimori

the generation of ( ), ( ), and ( ), occurs in the 3rd week after fertilization

the generation of ( ), ( ), and ( ), occurs in the 3rd week after fertilization

trilaminar disk, notochord, neural plate

at around 18 days, the ( ) is stuffed with cells to form a mature notochord.

notochordial process

what are the 3 roles of the notochord?

determine the central axis induce neurogenesis induce floor plate

when is the neural crest formed?

end of the 3rd week.

how is the neural crest formed?

the rostal and caudal neuropores close

notochord differentiates the ectoderm into...

neural tube

the notochord differentiates the somite into...

skeletal muscles and bones

the somite is filled with...

paraxial mesoderm

in the neural tube, neural cells on the ( ) side divide.

luminal

nervous cells outside the neural tube are derived from the...

neural crest

nervous cells in the neural tube develop into...

CNS

neural crest develops into...

schwann cells melanocytes adrenal medulla

the dorsal part of the neural tube is called the ( ) plate.

roof

the ventral part of the neural tube is called the ( ) plate

floor

the central canal is covered with....

ependymal monolayer cells

the 3 layers of the neural tube from inner to outer:

ventricular, intermediate, marginal

the 4 plates of the neural tube, from dorsal to ventral

roof, alar, basal, floor

the basal plate matures into the ( ) horn. the floor plate matures into the ( ) horn.

ventral, dorsal

an ectopic Shh expression leads to the expression of

an extra floor plate

BMPs are secreted from ( ) side of neural tube

dorsal

Shh are secreted from ( ) side of neural tube

ventral

the roof plate secretes...

BMP and Wnt

( ) is the ansence of brain due to the incomplete closure of ( ) neuropore

meroencephaly, rostal

meningomyelocele is due to the incomplete closure of ( ) neuropore

caudal

the proencephalon first differentiates into...

telencephalon and diencephalon

the mesencephalon becomes ...

midbrain

the rhombencephalon differentiates into...

metencephalon and myelenephalon

the telencephalon becomes...

cerebrum

the diencephalon becomes...

thalamus, hypothalamus, (epithalamus)

the metencephalon becomes..

pons and cerebellum

the myelencephalon becomes...

the medulla oblongata

what are the 3 flexures formed in the neural tube?

cephalic, cervical, pontine

at 6-8 weeks, the ( ) is formed int eh metencephalon, which later becomes the cerebellum

rhombic lip

during neuronal migration, the inside is ( ) and outside is ( )

early, late

the neurons divide in the ( ) layer of the neural tube, then migrate to the ( ) layer

ventricular, plial

the 3 steps of propagation of neurons

extension of leading movement of nucleus retraction of rear process

what is reelin?

glycoprotein secreted from the extrecellular matrix that regulates neuronal migration

what is the cause of lissencephaly?

due to a defect in cell migration, which leads to inverted layer formation

up the the 3rd week, rathke's pouch grows dorsally to the ( )

infundibulum

what happens to rathke's pouch after 2 months?

it loses connection with the oral cavity but stays close with the infundum

the optic vesicles and optic cup induces ( ) from the surface ectoderm

lens placode

at 3 weeks the optic ( ) has formed

groove

the optic groove comes in contact with the ( ) to induce differentiation

surface ectoderm

the optic cup is formed when the ( ) invaginates

optic vesicle

the inner layer of the optic cup forms the ( )

retina

the outer layer of the optic cup forms...

choroid and retinal pigment epithelium

function of PAX-6

regulation of eye development

the optic placode comes from the surface ectoderm of the ( )

hindbrain

the optic placode invaginates to form...

optic pit, optic vesicle

the inner ear is derived from

optic pit and optic vesicle

the middle ear is derived from...

endodermal 1st pharyngeal pouch

the mallues and incus derives from the ( ), but the stapes derives from ( ).

1st pharyngeal arch, 2nd pharyngeal arch

the 1st pharyngeal pouch develops into the auditory tube, then it becomes...

tympanic cavity

the 1st pharyngeal groove develops into the external ( ), when them becomes the external ear

acoustic meatus

the auricle (visible part of ear) is derived from...

auricular hillock

2 origins of the skull?

mesoderm neural crest (ectoderm)

head regions rostal to the rathke's pouch has no components derived from ( ).

mesoderm

head regions anterior to the pituitary gland are derived form ( )

neural crest

head regions posterior to the pituitary gland are derived from ( )

paraxial mesoderm