Key People & Terms - Plymouth & Mass Bay

Mass Bay Colony

King Charles I provided a charter for the area between the Charles and Merrimack Rivers to the Mass Bat Company – for a commercial company for trade (the King was duped – didn’t realize it was to be a religious colony)

Rhode Island

Roger Williams; Providence

Connecticut

Thomas Hooker

Pennsylvania

William Penn

Harvard

First college in colonies (1636), founded by Mass Bay Colony; named for John Harvard, the first benefactor; first president: Rev. Henry Dunster;

Holland (Leiden)

nation where Separatists lived from 1607 - 1620 (Leiden/Leyden – town where they settled) – religious tolerance; Separatists had to leave bc lack of work, children speaking Dutch – losing sense of being English

Patuxet

People / Village; where Squanto was from; where Separatists (“Saints”) settled – the Patuxet ppl had already all died of disease

Plymouth

New England; site of “Pilgrim” colony; Named after Plymouth, England

“New England”

Named by John Smith

Puritan

member of the Church of England who wanted to do away with Catholic influences (including Pope) – want to “purify” the Church

covenant

an agreement with God (between God and man)

commonwealth

community in which people work together for common good (good of the whole)

sedition

Attempt to overthrow the gov’t; Conduct/speech that encourages (incites) ppl to rebel against authority

Arbella

Ship of Puritans (with John Winthrop on board) - the flagship of the first 11 ships that arrived in the Mass Bay Colony

congregation

a groul of ppl who belong to the same church

dissenter

One who challenges the accepted views of the church or society

Providence

“The protection or guardianship provided by God”

rogue

A dishonest or unprincipled person

predestination

God (in his all-knowing way) determines what will happen to all ppl; the belief that one’s destiny is already determined (by God), regardless of how one lives one’s life

banishment

To banish: to send away from a town / country; punishment for dissenters

King Charles I 

English king who opposes Puritan efforts to change the Church of England; provided a charter to the Mass Bay Company for opportunity to trade (between Merrimack & Charles Rivers)

John Winthrop

leader of the Puritan migration (“Great Migration”; City Upon a Hill sermon on the Arbella

Roger Williams

Raised in the Church of England, became Puritan minister; founded Rhode Island after being banished from MassBay; felt ministers should not take pay from the congregation

• each person should follow his own conscience

• separation of Church and state

• Native Americans owned the land - NOT the king

Anne Hutchinson

dissenter banished from Mass Bay – to exile because forbidden from teaching religion; Expresses religioous beliefs that differ from colonial rulers;

Thomas Hooker

CT, Fundamental Orders (based on the laws of the Bible

William Penn

Quaker, founder of PA (Penn’s Woods”); King Charles owed a debt to Penn’s father - Penn now collected in form of land in New World

Quakers

Believe all ppl are equal before God (“Inner Light”), ministers and Bible are both unnecessary; persecuted in England; Mass Bay -> Pennsylvania (William Penn)

Persecution 

bad treatment based on differences in religion, race, or conduct

Separatist

English Puritan who settled Plymouth Colony; They reject the Church of England and refuse to follow its traditions

“Saints”

This is what the Separatists called themselves

Compact

A formal agreement that is signed

Pilgrim

One who travels for religious purpose - to a destination of religious importance

Religious Tolerance

willingness to accept or allow faiths different from one’s own

Sachem

An ELECTED representative or head (chief) of tribe or group of tribes – Algonquian (NE North America)

Puritan

A member of the Church of England who wanted to do away with Catholic influences (including the Pope) – they want to “purify” the Church

Covenant

An agreement with God (between God and man)

Commonwealth

A community in which people work together for the common good (the good of the whole)

Sedition

Conduct/speech that encourages (incites) people to rebel against authority; An attempt to overthrow the government

Arbella

Flagship of Puritans (John Winthrop) - the “Great Migration”

Congregation

A group of people who belong to the same church

Dissenter

One who challenges the accepted views of the church or society

Providence

The protection or guardianship provided by God

Rogue

A dishonest or unprincipled person

Predestination

God (in his all-knowing way) determines what will happen to all people; the belief that one’s destiny is already determined (by God), regardless of how one lives one’s life

Banishment

To banish: to send away from a town / country; punishment for dissenters

King James I (of England, VI of Scotland)

King of England who provides the charter for Jamestown; He is also king during the settlement of Plymouth, although Plymouth Colony does NOT have a charter from him

King Charles I

English king who opposes Puritan efforts to change the Church of England; provided a charter to the Mass Bay Company for opportunity to trade (between Merrimack & Charles Rivers)

Henry VIII (Henry the 8th)

English king who breaks with the Catholic Church because the Pope refuses to allow him to divorce his wife; thus the Church of England is established - with the monarch as head of Church of England

Queen Elizabeth I

Act of Uniformity (1558) - she wants to unify England (Protestants and Catholics) by adopting some Catholic practices into the Church of England

Martin Luther

Wrote his 95 Theses, protesting the sale of indulgences by Catholic priests (and other concerns) and nailed them to a church in Germany; The Lutheran Church (Protestant) stems from this

John Smith

Jamestown; Returned Tisquantum to Patuxet; named “New England” and the “Charles River”

William Bradford

2nd governor of Plymouth Colony; a theologian; much of what we know of the beginnings of Plymouth Colony, we know from his writings (Of Plymouth Plantation)

Edward Winslow

A senior from Plymouth; an emissary (representative of Plymouth / the English) to the Wampanoag - had very positive relationship with Massasoit

Samoset

Introduced Squanto to the Separatists; was Abenaki, spoke Algonquian language; learned basic English from fishing alongside English settlers

Squanto (Tisquantum)

A Patuxet Indian; had been kidnapped into slavery (this is how he learned English); on John Smith’s expedition 1614/5; taught the Separatists to plant crops; lived with the Wampanoag, then became a member of Plymouth Colony – Indian emissary to William Bradford

Massassoit

Sachem of the Wampanoags, father to Metacom; sent Squanto to live among the Separatists; forged positive relations and a peace treaty with the Separatists (especially William Bradford and Edward Winslow); prevented the failure of Plymouth Colony; when he fell ill, E Winslow nursed him back to health

Oceanus Hopkins

The only child born on the Mayflower (son of Elizabeth Hopkins) - he died at the age of 2

Wampanoag / Patuxet (Algonquian)

Two of the Nations local to the area of Plymouth; Patuxet had died out, but Wampanoag were strong allies of the Separatists in the early years (Massassoit)

John Winthrop

Leader of the Puritan migration; City Upon a Hill sermon

Roger Williams

Raised in the Church of England, became a Puritan; Minister who founded Rhode Island (after being banished from MassBay – he spent his first Winter with Massasoit)  - Paid Indian peoples for their land; Believes: 1) Each person should follow his/her conscience, 2) Church should NOT be involved in government, 3) Native Americans, not the king, own the land, and 4) Ministers should not take pay from their congregation

Anne Hutchinson

A dissenter banished from Mass Bay – to exile - becasue she expresses religious beliefs that differ from colonial rulers (ex: Woman were forbidden from teaching religion)

Thomas Hooker

Connecticut; Fundamental Orders

William Penn

Pennsylvania; Quakers

Quakers

Believe all people are equal before God (“Inner Light”), ministers and the Bible are unnecessary; they were persecuted in England; Left Mass Bay for Pennsylvania (William Penn)

Josiah Winslow

Son of Edward Winslow, failed relationship with Metacom, Wampanoag (wanted to expand land); King Philip’s War

Metacom(et)

Son of Massasoit; AKA King Philip, leader of Wampanoag Indians who led the Wampanoag against Josiah Winslow and Separatists in King Philip’s War