Leadership powers influence and politics

power

The ability to influence others.

The ability to influence the behavior of others and resist unwanted influence in return

organizational power

legitimate power, reward power, coercive power

legitimate power

a form of organization power based on authority or position

reward power

based on the control of resources or benefits

coercive power

a form of organizational power based on the ability to hand out punishment

personal power

expert power and referent power

expert power

based on expertise or knowledge

referent power

the ability to influence people because people want to be associated with you

organizational power based on the attractiveness and charisma of the leader

contingency factors

substitutability, discretion, centrality, visibility

substitutability

are there other places where people can go get the things that you provide

to which people have alternatives In accessing the resources a leader

discretion

the freedom of where you can make their own decision without getting hold back by an organization

manager have the right to Mae decision on their own

centrality

how many people depend on me to do my job

how important a person’s job is and how many people depend on that person to accomplish

visibility

people need to know that you have the power or the knowledge

how aware other are of leader and the resources that leaders can provide

influence tactic (most effective)

Rational persuasion- Logical argument and hard facts to show someone that a request is worthwhile

  Consultation- Influence tactic whereby the target is allowed to participate in deciding how to carry out implement a request

  Inspirational appeals-  Designed to appeal to one’s values and ideals thereby creating an emotional or attitudinal reaction

Collaboration- Seen as bot conflict resolution style and an influence tactic whereby both parties work together to maximize outcomes

influence tactic (moderately effective)

Ingratiation-    Compliment or friendly behaviors to make the target feel better about the influencer

Personal appeals-      Requestor askes for something based on personal friendship or loyalty

Exchange-     In which the request offers a rewarded in return for performing a request

Apprising-      Influence tactic the request clearly explains why preforming the request will benefit the target personally

influence tactic (least effective)

Pressure·      Attempts to use coercive power through threats and demands

Coalitions·      Influence enlists other people to help influence the target

response to influence

internalization, compliance, resistance

internalization

target agrees with and becomes committed to request

compliance

target is willing to preform request but does so with indifference willing to do what the leader asked but do with a degree of ambivalence

resistance

target is opposed to request and attempts to avoid doing it

refuse to preform request and puts forth effort to avoid having to do it

organizational politics (political skills)

ability to understand others and the use of that knowledge to influence them to further personal or organizational objectives: networking ability, social astuteness, interpersonal influence, apparent sincerity

conflict resolution

Assertive and uncooperative

Unassertive and unassertive

Cooperative and unassertive

  Assertive and cooperative

assertive and uncooperative

win+lose= competing

unassertive and uncooperative

lose+lose = avoiding

cooperative and unassertive

lose+win = accommodating

assertive and cooperative

win+win= collaborating

   How important is power and influence

Power and influence = job performance (moderate) 

Power and influence = organizational commitment (moderate)