States of Consciousness (Sleep)

Circadian Rhythms

biological processes that follow a 24-hour cycle, influencing sleep-wake patterns and various physiological functions.

Beta Waves

brain waves associated with alertness and active thinking, typically present during awake states.

Alpha Waves

brain waves present during relaxed, calm states, often occurring when a person is awake but resting.

NREM 1

the lightest stage of sleep, where a person drift between wakefulness and sleep, often accompanied by muscle relaxation and slower brain waves.

NREM 2

a stage of sleep characterized by deeper relaxation and the presence of sleep spindles, where the body prepares for deeper sleep.

NREM 3

a stage of sleep characterized by slow-wave activity and deep restorative processes, where the body is least responsive to external stimuli.

Rapid Eye Movement

(REM) sleep is a sleep stage characterized by rapid movement of the eyes, increased brain activity, vivid dreams, and muscle atonia.

REM Rebound

the phenomenon where individuals experience increased REM sleep after being deprived of it, often resulting in more intense dreams.

Insomnia

a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, leading to daytime fatigue and impaired functioning.

Narcolepsy

a neurological disorder that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

Sleep Walking

a disorder that causes people to walk or perform other complex behaviors while still asleep, typically occurring during deep sleep.

REM Behavior Disorder

a sleep disorder in which individuals act out their dreams, often involving physical movements or vocalizations during REM sleep.