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Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Existence of unconscious/subconscious
Childhood experiences determine adult personality through unconscious conflicts
Always a reason for all behavior - there are no accidents
Cognitive
Humans actively seek, evaluate, transform, and transmit information
How people acquire, store, process, and use information
Reality for each person is different dependent upon the interpretation of things/people/events in their life
Behavorism
Most human behavior is learned through interaction with the environment
Humans are passive organisms who react to environmental stimuli
Modeling and imitation (learn by observing others)
Humanism
Response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism
Rooted in existential thought
View people as being built for growth
Positive orientation toward behavior
Phenomenology/phenomenological
Self-concept, self-image
How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment
Biological
Behaviors, thoughts, and emotions impacted by biology
Sociocultural
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Humans strongly influenced by their social, cultural, and ethnic contexts
Ethnicity, age, discrimination, and socio-economic status play roles
Gender roles are key aspects of human identity - how we understand the world
Evolutionary
Descendant idea of Darwin’s natural selection
Attempts to explain useful mental and psychological traits (memory, perception, language)
Sees traits as functional (adaptive) outcomes of natural selection
Evolution shapes the mind and behavior
Related to sociobiology