APUSH Chp 32 & 33: US in WW2

London Economic Conference

The delegates to the London Conference hoped to organize a coordinated international attack on the global depression. They were particularly eager to stabilize the values of the various nations’ currencies and the rates at which they could be exchanged.

Who was Roosevelt originally planning to send to London Conf?

Secretary of State Cordell Hull

Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934

The act provided for the independence of the Philippines after a twelve-year period of economic and political tutelage—that is, by 1946. The United States agreed to relinquish its army bases, but naval bases were reserved for future discussion

What is the bridge Japanese taking from China?

Marco-Polo Bridge 

Good-Neighbor Policy

A diplomatic policy initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s aimed at improving relations with Latin American countries through mutual respect and non-intervention.

Reciprocal Trade Agreements of 1934 

Created to boost U.S. export trade and aid economic recovery, the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act marked a shift toward New Deal low-tariff policies. It reversed the long-standing high-protective-tariff approach by selectively reducing the most harmful Hawley-Smoot tariff rates instead of overhauling the entire system.

What part of the world was helped by the Reciprocal Trade Agreements of 1934?

Latin America

Rome-Berlin Axis

A military and political alliance formed in 1939 between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, which aimed to stabilize their power in Europe and support one another in military actions.

Tripartite Pact

The Tripartite Pact, signed in 1940, established a military alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan, aiming to deter the United States from entering World War II by threatening military action against American interests.

What act did Japan reverse?

Washington Naval Treaty

Johnson Debt Default Act

A 1934 U.S. law prohibiting loans to countries that had defaulted on their debt to the United States, aimed at protecting American financial interests.

Veterans of Future Wars

A post-World War I organization founded to advocate for the benefits and rights of veterans and their families, aiming to secure improved treatment and compensation for those who served.

Storm-cellar neutrality

A policy adopted by the United States in the 1930s to maintain a stance of isolationism and avoid involvement in foreign conflicts, especially in Europe, while still preparing for potential war.

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937

Legislation enacted to ensure American neutrality in future wars by prohibiting arms sales and loans to warring nations, reflecting the isolationist sentiment of the era.

Which senator proposed that WW1 happened bc of wealthy businessmen from America?

Senator Gerald Nye of ND

General Francisco Franco

The dictator of Spain who led the Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War and later ruled Spain until his death in 1975.

Abraham Lincoln Brigade

A group of American volunteers who fought against Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War, reflecting anti-fascist sentiment.

FDR’s speech that stated that US was neutral

Quarantine Speech

Panay Sinking 

Before World War II, the sinking of the USS Panay occurred on December 12, 1937, when Japanese aircraft attacked an American gunboat on China’s Yangtze River during Japan’s invasion of China. The ship was clearly marked with U.S. flags, and two American sailors were killed. Although Japan quickly apologized and paid an indemnity, the incident heightened tensions and revealed Japan’s growing aggression in Asia—though the U.S. still avoided open conflict at the time.

Hilter’s Sequence of Conquering 

Austria → Czechoslovakia → Poland → Denmark → Norway → Netherlands → Belgium → France

Munich Conference

Conference Germany notes that they’ll try to slow down forces. US and other countries show up, but not much is done to slow down Hitler.  

Hitler-Stalin Pact

A non-aggression treaty signed in 1939 between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, which allowed for the division of Eastern Europe and the invasion of Poland.

What truly began the war?

Invasion of Poland made GB & FR declare war.

Neutrality Act of 1939

Legislation allowing the sale of arms to belligerent nations on a cash-and-carry basis while maintaining an official stance of neutrality.

Havana Conference of 1940

A meeting between several Latin American countries to discuss the defense of the region and cooperation with the United States during World War II.

Kristallnaucht

A violent anti-Jewish pogrom that took place in Germany in November 1938, marking a key turning point in the Nazi regime's persecution of Jews.

War Refugee Board

A U.S. government agency established in 1944 to aid and rescue European Jews and other victims of Nazi oppression during World War II.

St. Louis

a ship that carried Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939, which was denied entry to Cuba and the United States, leading to its return to Europe.

The most famous jew saved during this time

Albert Einstein

America First Committee

A non-interventionist group formed in 1940 to oppose American entry into World War II, advocating for focusing on domestic issues and avoiding foreign entanglements.

Famous person part of America First Committee 

Charles Lindbergh

Phony War

A period of inactivity on the Western Front after the invasion of Poland, lasting from September 1939 until April 1940, where little military action occurred despite the declaration of war.

Area Germ occupied illegally

Rhineland

Appeasement 

The policy of making concessions to an aggressor nation in order to maintain peace, notably applied by Britain and France towards Nazi Germany in the lead-up to World War II.

Wendell Wilkie

Repub nominee that would lose to Roosevelt, allowing him 3 terms

Lend-Lease Bill

A program initiated by the United States during World War II to supply Allied nations with aid and war materials without direct involvement in the conflict.

Robin Moor

The first American merchant ship sunk by a German submarine in 1941, marking an escalation in tensions leading towards U.S. involvement in World War II.

Atlantic Charter

A joint declaration by the United States and Britain in 1941 outlining their goals for a post-war world and affirming their commitment to freedom and self-determination.

Kearny

A U.S. Navy destroyer that was attacked by a German submarine in 1941, leading to increased tensions between the U.S. and Germany.

Reuben James

The first U.S. Navy ship sunk by a German submarine in 1941, resulting in the loss of American lives and heightening the call for U.S. involvement in World War II.

Pearl Harbor

A surprise military attack by the Japanese Navy on December 7, 1941, which led to the United States' formal entry into World War II. “Black Sunday”

Executive Order No. 9066

Authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, citing national security concerns.

Korematsu v. U.S.

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1944 that upheld the government's decision to intern Japanese Americans during World War II, ruling that the internment was a wartime necessity.

Did FDR’s reform die during this time?

yes

War Production Board (WPB)

A U.S. government agency established in 1942 to oversee the conversion of industries to war production and to manage the supply of war materials.

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

A U.S. government agency created in 1941 to control prices and rents to prevent inflation during World War II.

National War Labor Board

A U.S. government agency established in 1942 to mediate labor disputes and ensure labor stability in support of wartime production efforts.

Smith-Connaly Anti-Strike Act

A U.S. law enacted in 1943 that aimed to curb labor strikes during World War II by allowing the government to take over wartime industries affected by strikes, and it imposed penalties on unions that engaged in strikes.