BLS MedTech Final

1st aid

1st aid

immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person before someone with more advanced training arrives and takes over. Provides temporary assistance until the victim receives proper medical care.

consent

MUST HAVE;

-Introduce yourself and level of training,

-Why you think care is needed

-What care you plan to provide

-Consequences related to providing that care or refusal of care

battery

unlawful touching of another person without consent

in the absence of consent.......

-Explain the situation, stay calm

-Inform dangers of refusal

-Identify reasons for refusal

-Stay with them until EMS arrives... (if condition is serious)

expressed consent

consent given by legal adults in good mental state either verbally or nonverbally

implied consent

-When working with an unresponsive or confused victim that cannot answer in a life threatening condition.

-When a child is in a life threatening situation and parent/guardian is not available.

abandonment

leaving a patient after beginning the provision of care

negligence

not acting when there is a duty to act

duty to act

if employer or preexisting requirement requires care (ex. firefighter or babysitter)

breach of duty

When a first aid responder does not give the care that their level of training would allow, causing injury - did not provide acceptable standard of care

acts of omission

failure to do what a responsible person with the same training would do in that situation.

acts of commission

doing something that a reasonable person with the same training WOULD NOT do in that situation.

HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

-do not speak about patient details

-do not give names

-do not give identifying information

-only release information if patient consents in writing or in a court of law

-authorization not required if transferring patient to continued care

Good Samaritan Law

-Provider is acting during an emergency

-Acts in good faith - with good intentions

-Acts without getting paid

-Not guilty of malicious misconduct or gross negligence (deviating from first aid guidelines).

life threatening conditions

• airway obstruction

• no breathing

• no circulation

• profuse bleeding

• shock

• unresponsive

• signs of stroke

• burns, seizures, assault, poisoned

Blood borne pathogens

Transmitted fluid to fluid - requires contact of mucous membrane or open wound to contaminated fluid

Examples of bloodborne pathogens

• Hepatitis A through C (no vaccine) - viral infections of the liver; can lead to cirrhosis (liver damage).

• HIV

PPE (personal protective equipment)

mask, goggle, face shield, respirator, gloves

Body Substance Isolation (BSI)

precautions taken to minimize exposure to all body fluids assumed to be a risk of transmission

BSI precautions

-PPE

-avoid contact

-clean with 10% bleach

-discard materials in specialized waste

-wash exposure sites with soap and water

-use paper towels

scene safety (SAFE)

-stop, think, act

-access the scene

-find additional resources

-exposure protection

mechanism of injury (MOI)

trauma

nature of illness (NOI)

medical

level of response (AVPU)

-alert

-verbal stimuli

-painful stimuli

-unresponsive

alert

able to answer questions; responsive; interactive

verbal

responds in a meaningful way; call 911

painful

responds to muscle/pain stimulus; call 911

unresponsive

eyes closed; doesn't respond to verbal/painful stimuli

(call 911 ASAP)

ABC

airway, breathing, circulation

airway

open and reposition

breathing

chest rise vs gasping

circulation

check for pulse and bleeding/blood loss

checking pulse

-adults: carotid

-babies: brachial

-5-10 seconds

BPDOC (rapid or focused)

bleeding, pain, deformities, open wounds, crepitus

head physical exam

-check cspine

-check sides and back for bleeding, deformities, leakage

PERRL

pupils equal, round, reactive to light

neck physical exam

-check for jugular vein distention

-check for tracheal deviation

chest/back physical exam

-check for symmetry

-check for spinal palpation

abdominal physical exam

-check four quadrants

-check for sensitivity (visceral organ damage)

-check for hardness (internal bleeding)

pelvis physical exam

-check incontinence

-squeeze hips down and together

extremities physical exam

-check symmetry

-check CSM

CSM

circulation, sensation, movement

CSM circulation

-pulse

-color

-capillary refill >2 seconds

CSM sensation

-check for feeling in toes and fingers

CSM movement

-check that toes and fingers can move

OPQRSTU

onset, provoking factors, quality, region, severity, time, understanding

true

True or False: pulse rates are higher in children

<60 BPM

dangerous pulse rate for children -> begin CPR

Checking Respirations

-check while taking pulse

-check rhythm

-check effort

skin color vitals

-pale/white = shock

-blue = hypoxia

-red = high BP, fever