DNA Technology

Electrophoresis

An electrophoresis is when DNA fragments are run through by electrophoresis gel and separated using anodes and cathodes. The Gel separates the fragments based on size and the sequence is known as a person’s DNA fingerprint.

In what direction does the electrophoresis flow?

Cathode (negative) to anode (positive)

Recombinant DNA

Combination of DNA from 2 different sources, when a gene that codes for a protein is isolated and the gene is injected into a cell that normally doesn’t have that specific sequence.

How is recombinant DNA performed?

Genes are isolated using restrictive enzymes and placed into a plasmid. When enzymes cut the DNA, they produce sticky ends which help with insertion into the plasmid.

Insulin

made via recombinant DNA

Cloning

In coming, the nucleus off a somatic cell is isolated and placed into an egg cell. The cell is then implanted into a uterus and the egg develops into a fetus. The result is an identical to the individual where the somatic cell came from.

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy places a healthy gene into a cell that does not have a working gene. Gene therapy only works for people who have one enzyme wrong in their cell.

gene editing

where a targeted segment of the DNA is altered.

CRISPR

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

CRISPR uses…

an enzyme known as Cas9 that cuts a targeted part of the DNA, aided by a gRNA

In CRISPR the researcher can either…

keep the gene cut which disrupts it or add another gene.