ANTH 100L: The Vertebral Column and Forelimbs (set to "Answer with Term")

"Skeletal Biology of The Vertebral Column and Forelimbs" Identifying disarticulated vertebral column, forearm, thorax, and shoulder girdle bones. Learning objectives: Be able to identify the following from the vertebral column: Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Atlas Axis Sacrum Cocyyx Know the diagnostic features of each as you will need to justify your identification. Identify the sternum and the three parts of the sternum Be able to identify the bones of the forearm, shoulder girdle and thorax: Scapula Clavicle Humerus Ulna Radius Rib Sternum

Ulna

Identify the bone in the image

Radius

Identify the bone in the image

Humerus

Identify the bone in the image

Clavicle

Identify the bone in the image

Rib

Identify the bone in the image

Sternum

Identify the bone in the image

Scapula

Identify the bone in the image

Manubrium (meh-new-bree-um)

Body

Xiphoid process (zi-foid)

Identify the parts of the sternum (top to bottom)

Clavicle

Scapula

What bones are part of the shoulder girdle?

Ribs

Sternum

What bones are part of the thorax?

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

What bones are part of the forearm and upper arm?

The ulna is medial to the radius.

The radius is lateral to the ulna.

The humerus is proximal to both the ulna and radius.

How are the bones of the forearm positioned relative to one another (in SAP)?

Cervical

• Smallest body

• Transverse foramen

• Bifurcated(forked) spinous process

Identify the part of the vertebra and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Thoracic

• No transverse foramen

• Transverse process

• Medium-sized body

• Long spinus process, pointing toward the feet

Identify the part of the vertebra and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Lumbar

• Largest body

• Short and blocky (square in shape from the side) spinous process

• Short transverse process, sticks out directly laterally

Identify the part of the vertebra and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Atlas (C1)

• No body (centrum)

• No spinous process

• Transverse foramen

Identify the part of the vertebra and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Axis (C2)

• Has dens (a peninsula of bone that sticks up)

• No transverse foreman

Identify the part of the vertebra and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Sacrum

• Modified fused vertebra

Identify the part of the vertebra and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Cocyyx (cox-six)

• Small triangular bone remanent

Identify the part of the vertebra and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

1. Atlas

2. Axis

3. Cervical

4. Thoracic

5. Lumbar

6. Sacrum

7. Cocyyx

What are the parts of the vertebral column in order top to bottom?

Atlas (C1)

• Flat af

Identify the part of the vertebra (side profile) and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Axis (C2)

• Has dens (a peninsula of bone that sticks up)

Identify the part of the vertebra (side profile) and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Lumbar

• Thick body

• Short blocky spinus process

Identify the part of the vertebra (side profile) and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Thoracic

• Long spinus process, pointing toward the feet

Identify the part of the vertebra (side profile) and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Cervical

• flat

• forked spinus process

Identify the part of the vertebra (side profile) and explain what diagnostic features helped you reach your conclusion.

Transverse foramen

• only found in cervical vertebra

  • atlas and cervical bones have obvious foramen, while the axis has foraman further out, which can sometimes be blocked by the facet

Bonus: Dens is unique to the axis

What diagnostic feature belongs only to cervical bone?