1.1 APWH

Song Dynasty

replaced Tang in 960 and ruled for 300 yrs. Ruled a smaller region than the Tang but was prosperous,

Imperial Bureaucracy

appointed officials carry out empire’s policies. represents continuity across centuries and dynasties.

meritocracy

officials obtained their positions by demonstrating their merit on exams

reason for Song decline

the bureaucracy became too large, so costs of government dried up their wealth

grand canal

inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transport system 30,000 miles. Enabled Song China to become a the most populous trading area

champa rice

fast-ripening, drought resistant strain of rice from Vietnam that greatly expanded agricultural production in China. land that once couldn’t be utilized now could be used.ste

steel

reinforced bridges, gates, ship anchors, religious items, strengthened agriculture equipment

silk road during Song

porcelain, silk, guns/gunpowder

proto-industrialization

economic changes where people in rural areas made more goods that they could sell. artisans (skilled craftworkers)

tributes

other states had to pay money or goods to honor Chinese emperor

kowtow

when greeting the Chinese emperor, must bow head to the floor. demonstrates power of the empire

scholar gentry

educated in confucian philosophy and the most influencial class in China

social structure in Song China

women defer to men, shown in foot binding which restricted womens ability to move and participate in the public sphere

buddhism

came to China from india

theravada buddhism

spiritual growth, silent meditation and self discipline

mahayan buddhism

spiritual growth for all beings and service

tibetan buddhism

chanting in Tibet

syncretic

fused religions, zen buddhism (daoist +

filial piety

duty of family members to be subordinate to male family members and the emperor. emphasis in respect for elders helped Song maintain rule

sinification

spread of Chinese traditions and practices to surrounding areas

commercialization

change from local market production to global production

how did song China different from earlier history

became the most urbanized land in the world

patriarchy

male dominated society, demonstrated by foot binding