Untitled Flashcards Set

Fibers

Long, thin strands of matter that can be natural or synthetic.

Polymers

Substances made of repeating units called monomers.

Natural fibers

Fibers found in nature, originating from plants, animals, or minerals.

Synthetic fibers

Man-made fibers created from chemicals through chemical synthesis.

Cellulose

A polysaccharide of glucose molecules linked through beta glycosidic bonds, resistant to acids and bases.

Uses of Cellulose

Used in preparation of paper, introduced as early as 100 BC for writing.

Acid-free paper

Paper prepared in neutral conditions with lignin and sulfur content removed.

Kevlar

A lightweight, high tensile strength fiber used in personal armor and safety clothing.

Nylon

A synthetic plastic material made from polyamides, used in various durable applications.

Properties of Metal

Characteristics of metal include malleability, ductility, luster, heat and electrical conductivity.

Thermoplastic

Plastics that can be reheated and reshaped into different forms.

LDPE

Low-density polyethylene, used for plastic bags and cling wraps.

HDPE

High-density polyethylene, used for durable products like pipes and containers.

Polystyrene (PS)

Lightweight material used in the packaging industry, also known as Styrofoam.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Plastic used in making various types of pipes.

Natural polymers

Polymers that occur in nature, are biodegradable, and include substances like silk and cellulose.

Synthetic polymers

Polymers created in a lab from petroleum oil, such as polyethylene and polyester.

Teflon

A nonstick synthetic polymer used in cookware and other applications.

Polyurethane (PUR or PU)

A material made from polyols and diisocyanates used in various insulation and sealing applications.

Glass

A transparent material made from silica compounds, known for being a thermal and electrical insulator.

Tempered glass

A type of safety glass that is stronger and breaks into small pieces for safety.

Brittleness

The property of a material to fracture under stress with little deformation before breaking.

Carbon fibers

A lightweight material with glass-like properties explored for various applications.

examples of Natural fibers

·        Cotton, silk, wool, jute, hemp (csw jh)

examples of synthetic fibers

·        Polyester, rayon, acrylic, and nylon(pran)

Plant-derived fibers

contain cellulose which is the most abundant form of carbohydrate in the world.

year when Incorporated invented acid-free paper

1950

addition of nanomaterials

Ø  to improve the characteristics of paper such as printability, glossiness, and barrier properties

2016

·        Chinese developers of the first waterproof and fireproof paper.

examples of Plant Fibers

ropes, textiles, components, infrastructures

Cotton

most prominent plant fiber used in textile industry and in making paper bills.

thermoplastic polymer

which means it can be melted and reshaped into different forms

Uses of Metals

·        making gadgets

·        buildings

·        infrastructure

·        jewelry-making

·        coins

·        vehicles

·        different equipment

Plastics

Ø  may be shaped when soft and then hardened to retain the given shape.

examples of Natural polymers