BIO101 Spring 2025 Final Exam Review

Vocabulary flashcards for the BIO101 Spring 2025 Final Exam Review.

Cellular Respiration Reactants

The reactants are glucose and oxygen.

Biological Hierarchy (increasing complexity)

Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Probability of pink noses & round ears from BbRr x BbRr cross

1/16 = 6.3%

Order of stages in mitotic (M) phase

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase

Contents of nucleus

Protons and neutrons

Products of rough ER and smooth ER

Proteins… lipids

Monomers of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Recombinant DNA

DNA that is formed from two or more different species

Defining event during telophase

The cytoplasm is divided into two new cells

Molecule most likely to exhibit facilitated diffusion

Na+ (sodium ion)

Main purpose of light dependent reactions in photosynthesis

Synthesize ATP molecules to fuel glucose synthesis

Translation

The process in which proteins are created from RNA

Protein processing as a form of selective gene expression

Synthesizing an inactive form of a protein and modifying it into the active form when needed

Organelle present in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Ribosomes

Cellular Respiration: Oxygen gets…to become…

Reduced…water

Isotopes have…

The same atomic number, but different mass numbers

Factor that is NOT a driver of microevolution

Sexual dimorphism

Temporal reproductive isolation

Organisms breeding at different times of the year

Taxonomic hierarchy (decreasing specificity)

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Biological function of a repressor protein

A protein that binds to the operator region of DNA to prevent transcription

Morphological species concept

The appearance of an organism

Biological role of enzymes

To lower activation energies

Person A’s grandmother’s genotype

Could be homozygous dominant or heterozygous

Transcription

The process in which RNA is created from DNA

The two most important enzymes involved in creating recombinant DNA

Restriction enzymes & DNA ligase

The difference between prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers

Postzygotic barriers affect the offspring after embryo formation whereas prezygotic barriers prevent embryo formation altogether

Photosynthesis: Water gets…to become…

Oxidized…oxygen

Process used to break down polymers into monomers

Hydrolysis

Step of cellular respiration that ONLY occurs in the cytosol

Glycolysis

How do plants store energy?

Starch

Nondisjunction

Chromosomes do not equally separate during anaphase

Directional selection modifies the population how?

Shifting the population toward one extreme phenotype

Hydrogen bonding occurs between H and…

Oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine

Lysosomes are present in…

All eukaryotic cells

is NOT a requirement for life

The ability to sexually reproduce

Reduced hybrid viability

The hybrid being too weak to survive until sexual maturity

If a DNA strand reads “TAGGCA” then what would be the complementary RNA strand?

AUCCGU

Name of the process that allows genes to code for more than one protein

Alternative splicing

Definition of a “carrier”

An individual who is heterozygous for a recessive trait

A human red blood cell in a hypotonic solution

Swollen and turgid

Products of photosynthesis?

Glucose & oxygen

Element forms the backbone of organic molecules

Carbon

All the birds, insects, squirrels, and racoons that live in a pine tree

Community

Water has a pH of 7; this means that water…

Has equal concentrations of OH- and H+

is NOT a basic biomolecule polymer

Polysalts

Bond that involves the unequal sharing of electrons

Polar covalent bonding

Organelle is NOT shared between plant & animal cells

Central vacuole

Genes (such as skin color) have an additive effect

Polygenic inheritance

Statement is TRUE in regards to evolution

Offspring cannot inherit environmentally altered phenotypes

Biomolecule yields the most energy when broken down during cellular respiration

Lipids

Which actor starred in the movie Shawshank Redemption?

Morgan Freeman

Religious leader who founded Mormonism

Joseph Smith

National independence holiday average celebrations

Every 2 days

Derivative of the mathematical expression “4x3 - 2x”?

12x2 - 2

is NOT an island country?

Benin

Ancient Mediterranean cultures used the color ____ to signify royalty and prestige

Purple

How fast was the Aroldis Chapman baseball pitch thrown?

105 mph

is NOT the name of a pharmaceutical drug?

Garbodor

What time measure is the equivalent of 1,000,000,000 (one billion) seconds?

31 years

In the Bible, early humans built ____ toward the sky?

Tower of Babel