Acids, Bases & Salts Lecture Notes

This document contains flashcards based on the lecture notes covering various topics related to acids, bases, and salts.

Acid-Base Reactions

One of the most commonly utilized and observed classes of chemical reactions.

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

Acid-base theory that involves the transacting of Hydrogen Ions (H+).

Lewis Theory

Acid-base theory that involves the transacting of Electrons.

Hydrogen Ion (H+)

A proton that is involved in acid-base reactions; it is the defining characteristic in Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory.

Amphoteric

A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair

Two species that differ by one proton (H+), where one is the acid and the other is its conjugate base.

Acid Strength

Determined by its ability to increase hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution.

Strong Acids

Acids that ionize completely in solution, yielding a high concentration of H3O+.

Weak Acids

Acids that only partially ionize in solution, establishing an equilibrium.

pH Scale

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, where lower values are more acidic and higher values are more basic.

Autoionization of Water

The process where water dissociates into H3O+ and OH-.

Kw

The ion product of water, equal to [H3O+][OH-] at 25°C, typically 1.0 imes 10^{-14}.

Percent Ionization

A measure of how much of a weak acid or base dissociates, calculated as the amount ionized divided by the initial concentration, expressed as a percentage.

Polyprotic Acids

Acids that can donate more than one proton in a solution, each with their own ionization constant (Ka).

Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)

A measure of the strength of an acid in solution, represents the equilibrium constant for the ionization of the acid.

Base Ionization Constant (Kb)

A measure of the strength of a base in solution, represents the equilibrium constant for the ionization of the base.

Adduct

The product formed from the reaction between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base.

Hydrolysis

The reaction of an ion with water to produce either an acidic or basic solution.