Anatomy-Chapter 5/ Synovial Joints

Hinge

joint that allows bending and straightening motion

similar to a door hinge/ most common

Ex. Femur, Phalanges

Pivot

Allows only 180 degree rotation

Ex. Atlas-axis, Radius-humerus

Saddle

allows 2 types of movement

1. allows a joint to bend and straighten

2. Also allows a joint to move aide to aide

3. Ex. the thumb and trapezium

Plane

Bones slide against each other like blocks gliding against each other/ common in short bones

1. Example: wrist and ankle

Ball and Socket 

Allows many different types of movements/ most movable type of joint

Example: Femur goes into the hip/ Humerus and shoulder 

Condyloid

Allows 2 types of movement

1. Allows a joints to bend and straighten

2. Allows a joints to slightly shift side-to-side/ almost like a ball and socked joint

3. Examples: Phalanges- metacarpals or known as the knuckles

Flexion

Decreasing an angle between 2 bones (bending)

Extension

Increasing an angle between 2 bones (straightening)

Hyper-extension

Extending beyond a straight line (Looking up,backbend)

Dorsiflexion

Toes/foot point upwards

Plantar-flexion

Toes/ foot point downwards

Abduction

Pulling the limbs away from the midline

Adduction

Bringing the limbs back toward the midline

Circumduction

Circular motion at the ball and socket joint (Shoulder circles, hip circles)

Rotation

180-degree rotation (twisting of the neck, wrist, shoulder, hip)

Lateral rotation

Rotating out to the side

Medial rotation

Rotating in toward the midline

Supination

Palm rotates up

Pronation

Palm rotates down

Eversion 

elevating lateral soles (big toe slides down)

Inversion

elevating your medial soles (pinkie tow side down)

Retraction

To pull back in (ex. tongue, head, jaw)

Protraction 

To stick out (Ex. Tongue, head, jaw)

Elevation

To raise up (Ex. shoulders, jaw)

Depression

To lower (Ex. Shoulder, jaw)