Period 4 Review

1800-1848

The Democratic-Republican Party

• Dominated politics in the early 1800s with the elections of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe

• Supported a strict interpretation of the Constitution

• Supported an economy centered on agriculture and farming

• Wanted more powerful state governments

Foreign policies during Jefferson’s presidency

• Chesapeake-Leopard Affair where the British Leopard ship fired on the U.S.S. Chesapeake ship

• Protecting American merchant ships from the Barbary pirates

Jefferson’s presidency

• Although he was considered a strict constructionist, he demonstrated a loose interpretation of the Constitution with his support of the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the size of the nation

• “Ogrambe” political cartoon which criticized his embargo most likely from the perspective of a merchant who couldn't export goods

What did Marbury vs. Madison give the Supreme Court

Judicial Review

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Supreme Court stated that the “necessary and proper” clause gave Congress the authority to establish a national bank

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Congress could now regulate interstate trade

Worcester vs. Georgia

The states could no longer impose on Native American lands

Causes of the War of 1812

• Impressment of American sailors

• British maintaining on American soil

• Britain giving weapons to Native Americans in the Northwest Territory

Effects of the War of 1812

• An increase in manufacturing

• A rise of nationalism in New England

• Panic of 1819

Why did the Federalist Party fall?

• Adams failure in office

• The death of Alexander Hamilton

• The Hartford Convention

Why was the time period from 1814 to 1824 known as the “Era of Good Feelings”

• There was increased nationalism

• Democratic-Republicans were the only political party

• Significant economic growth and westward migration

What did the Adams-Onis Treaty do?

Acquired Florida from the Spanish

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri could become a slave state under the Union and Maine would become a new, free states

• Slavery was prohibited above the Mason Dixon line

Monroe Doctrine

• Wanted to keep Europeans out of the Western Hemisphere

• Prevented further colonization in the Americas

Jeffersonian Democracy

• Supported an economy based on farming

• Didn’t trust the national bank

• Tried to shrink the federal government

Jacksonian Democracy

• Supported an economy based on farming

• Didn’t trust the national bank

• Wanted to expand the presidential authority

Why was the Election of 1824 known as the “Corrupt Bargain”?

Andrew Jackson won the most electoral votes and popular votes, yet John Quincy Adams was voted by the council

What is “universal white suffrage”?

People no longer had to own land to vote

Jackson was criticized for each of the following

• Spoils system - gave jobs to political supporters instead of qualified candidates

• Indian removal - forced the Cherokee from their land despite the decision in Worcester v. Georgia

• The bank war - removed funds from the national bank and placed them in pet banks

• The force bill - threatened to use the military to collect tariffs

The Market Revolution

Characterized by the expansion of American industry and the development of many new inventions

• The Northern economy was revolutionized by the development of textile manufacturing

• The South and West remained predominantly agricultural, so they benefited from mechanized agriculture innovations

Textiles

• Lowell Mills

• Spinning Jenny

• Sewing Machine

• Power Loom

Transportation

• National road

• Steamboat

• Railroad

• Erie Canal

Agriculture

• Cotton gin

• Mechanical reaper

• Steel plow

How did the Market Revolution change the U.S. economy?

• Women and children joined the work force in large numbers

• Led to growth of mills and factories

• Led to hourly and weekly wages

Immigration from 1820 to 1860

• America saw an increase in immigration from Ireland due to the Potato Famine and due to political turmoil

• Many of these immigrants found jobs in factories

What led to Nativism

The increase in immigration led to anti-immigration sentiments

What was the cult of domesticity?

• Viewed women was second-class citizens and homemakers

• Reasserted women’s role in the household and a lack of freedom, social equality, and working rights

How did the Market Revolution inspire the 2nd Great Awakening?

The development of factories and urbanization influenced American priorities

Temperance

Sought to rid society of the evils associated with drinking alcohol

Transcendentalism

A literary movement inspired by romanticism and focused on realism

What was one cause and one effect of the Seneca Falls Convention?

• Cause - the exclusion of women delegates from the 1840 World Anti-slavery Convention in London

• Effect - “Declaration of Sentiments” which was a document outlining women’s Grievances and demands for equality, including the right to vote

What was the goal of the Abolitionist movement?

To abolish slavery

What was one effect of Nat Turner’s Rebellion?

• Any talks about ending slavery virtually ended

• Fear rose up in the South

• Strict slave codes

How did John C. Calhoun describe slavery?

A “positive good” and argued that it was better than labor in the northern factories

How did Fredrick Douglass and David Walker, both abolitionists, differ?

Douglass - focused on political engagement and moral persuasion

Walker - urged enslaved people to resist and fight for their freedom