General Psychology Module 7 People

What did Mary Ainsworth do?

Developed the Strange Situation. In this laboratory procedure, she would bring in infants and toddlers with their caregivers. Through a series of leavings and reunions between the mother, child, and a stranger, she would assess infants’ attachments to their mothers.

What did Lawrence Kohlberg come up with?

Theories about moral development. Pre-conventional, conventional and post conventional.

What did Erik Erikson do?

Came up with “crisis”. Trust versus mistrust.

Toddlers	Children	Pre-adolescents
Autonomy vs. Self-Doubt	Initiative vs. Guilt	Competence vs. Inferiority

Early Adulthood	Middle Age	Late Adulthood
Intimacy vs. Isolation	Generativity vs. Stagnation	Ego Integrity vs. Despair

What did Diana Baumrind do?

She said that there are four parenting styles that may have various effects on children as they develop.

• Authoritarian parents are strong disciplinarians who do not show much affection to their children. They do not permit their children to question their authority. Thus, high demandingness and low responsiveness.

• Authoritative parents are also strong disciplinarians, who balance discipline with affection and communication. Thus, moderate-to-high demandingness and moderate-to-high responsiveness. This is thought to be the best parenting style, and research indicates that children from authoritative families tend to show the best outcomes in terms of psychological and school functioning.

• Permissive parents are lax on discipline, but they shower their children with affection. Therefore, low demandingness and high responsiveness. While this style may be acceptable for an easy child with few problem behaviors, some kids growing up in permissive families turn out to be aggressive with poor impulse control.

• Neglectful parents are neither affectionate nor strong on discipline. They are low on demandingness as well as responsiveness. Neglect is a form of child maltreatment, and neglectful parents fail to monitor their children or provide necessary support.

What did Noam Chomsky do?

Stated that there is a biologically organized structure in the brain that is programmed with the rudimentary mechanics of grammar. This structure is called the language acquisition device, or LAD.

What did K. Warner Schaie do?

Sstarted the Seattle Longitudinal study in 1956.

What did Piaget come up with?

Piaget formulated four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.