Animal Nutrition

Flashcards reviewing the processes of heterotrophic nutrition in humans.

What are the two types of nutrition?

Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

What is Autotrophic nutrition?

Organisms make their own food.

What is Heterotrophic nutrition?

Organisms cannot make their own food.

What is ingestion?

The process by which food is taken into the body via the mouth.

What is digestion?

The process by which food is broken down into simple, soluble food molecules.

What role do enzymes play in digestion?

Enzymes facilitate the chemical breakdown of food into nutrients.

Proteins are broken down into what during the digestion process?

Peptides

Enzymes

Chemicals that break down certain food nutrients

When do enzymes work the best?

Optimum temperature

What cause an enzyme to no longer work?

If the temperature is higher or lower than the optimum temperature it becomes denatured.

What is the substance the enzymes break down called?

Substrate

What are substances called after an enzyme breaks down food?

Product

Lipids are broken down into what during digestion?

Fatty acids and glycerol

Starches and Carbohydrates are broken down into what during digestion?

Glucose

What is absorption?

The process by which soluble food molecules move into the body fluid and body cells.

What is assimilation?

The process by which the body uses the soluble food molecules absorbed after digestion.

What is egestion/defecation?

The process by which undigested and unabsorbed material is removed from the body.

What is excretion?

Removal of metabolic waste products like water, salt, and urea.

What is mechanical digestion

The breaking down of food physically by chewing.

What is chemical digestion?

The breaking down of food in the body chemically

Explain how enzyms break down protein.

Proteins are broken down by pepsin into amino acids and peptides in the stomach.

Explain how fats are brown down.

Lipids or fats and oils are broken down by lipase into fatty acids in the small intestines.

Explain how carbohydrates are brown down.

Carbohydrates are broken down by amylase in the mouth into glucose.

What are the three monosaccharides?

Glucose, fructose, galactose.

What are the three dissacharides?

Sucrose, lactose, maltose.

What is the formula for disaccarides?

C¹²H²²O¹¹

What is the formula for monosaccharide?

C⁶H¹²0⁶

What are considered proteins?

Enzymes, antibodes, and hormones.

What makes a substance organic

A hydrogen-carbon bond

What are lipid made up of?

3 fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule.

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A,D,E,K

What are the water soluble vitamins?

B & C

Lack of vitamin:

A, B , C, D

Night blindness, Beri Beri, Scurvy, Ricketts