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Segregation
Separation of alleles in a gene so only one is inherited
Segregation must happen during some time of Gamete Formation
diploid —> haploid
Independent Assortment
Segregation of alleles of two genes so that the outcome with each gene will have no effect on the outcome of the other
Some genes don’t assort independently because theyre on the same chromosomes - but unlinked ones can be
Monohybrid Cross
Test the inheritance of a single gene (3:1) or (1:1)
Dihybrid Cross
Test the joint inheritance of two genes (9:3:3:1)
The inheritance of one does not influence the inheritance of the other
Steps of making a dihybrid Punnett Grid
Find the genotypes of the parents
Deduce the genotypes of gametes that the parents can produce. - one copy of each gene is present in every gamete
Draw a grid with one row for each genotype of female gamete and one column for each genotype of each male gamete
Label each row and column with the genotype of the gamete - two alleles, one for each gene
Fill each cell in the grid with the genotypes from row and column headings
Indicate each phenotype resulting from the genotype in each cell
Count the number of each phenotype to determine the ratios of the offspring