Cell Biology Notes

Flashcards about cell biology notes.

Movement

Change of position due to a stimulus.

Respiration

Breakdown of food to obtain energy (aerobic or anaerobic).

Sensitivity

Ability to respond to stimuli.

Growth

Increase in size or cell number.

Reproduction

Making more of the same kind of organism (sexual or asexual).

Excretion

Removal of waste products of metabolism.

Nutrition

Taking in materials for energy, growth, and development.

Autotrophic

Organisms synthesize their own food (e.g., plants during photosynthesis).

Heterotrophic

Organisms obtain food from other organisms.

Holozoic

Ingesting solid organic matter (e.g., humans).

Saprophytic

Feeding on dead organic matter (e.g., fungi).

Parasitic

Obtaining nutrients from living organisms (endoparasites like tapeworms, ectoparasites like head lice).

Cells

Basic unit of life; can be unicellular (e.g., bacteria, amoeba) or multicellular (e.g., animals, plants).

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Cytoplasm

Fluid where chemical processes occur.

Nucleus

Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.

Mitochondria

Produces energy through aerobic respiration.

Food Reserves

Storage for future use.

Cellulose Cell Wall

Provides support and protection.

Permanent Vacuole

Fluid-filled space for storage and maintaining cell firmness.

Chloroplasts

Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

Prokaryotes

No nucleus; DNA is free in the cytoplasm. No membrane-bound organelles. Example: Bacteria.

Eukaryotes

Have a nucleus containing DNA. Have membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria). Examples: Animals, plants, fungi.